Jakub Appenszlak

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jakub Appenszlak, 1933

Jakub Appenszlak ( pseudonym : Pierrot ) (born July 21, 1894 in Warsaw , † March 29, 1950 in New York City ) was a Polish journalist, literary critic and translator.

Jakub Appenszlak, Natan Szwalbe and Saul Wagman as editors of Nasz Przegląd , edition of July 15, 1938

Life

Jakub Appenszlak grew up in a Jewish family. He had adopted the Polish linguistic and cultural norms and belonged to the small group of Jews in Russian Poland who did not speak the Yiddish language (any more) without giving up their Jewishness . Appenszlak became a journalist and wrote theater reviews and columnist articles for the leading Polish newspaper Kurjer Warszawski and the weekly Złoty Róg , as well as other newspapers and magazines. When the newspaper editors, in the nationalistic exuberance of the founding of the state, asked him to Polonize his name , he gave up working in the national Polish newspapers and in 1923 became co-editor of the Warsaw Polish-Jewish daily newspaper Nasz Przegląd (Our Rundschau). The newspaper had a circulation of 25,000 copies in its prime. The newspaper was considered by the Polish public to represent the positions of the Jewish population. The children's supplement “Mały Przegląd” of the newspaper was taken care of by Janusz Korczak . Appenszlak was also the editor of the literary weekly Lektura . His wife Paulina Appenszlakowa (-1976) edited the women's newspaper Ewa between 1928 and 1933 with Iza Wagmanowa .

Appenszlak's poem Mowie polskiej (To the Polish Language) in 1915 was a commitment to polonism, but also an appeal to the assimilated Jews for Zionism . His Bildungsroman , published in 1933, pushed in the same direction . In his feuilletons he discussed the priority issues of Zionism, assimilation, ethnic and state-organized anti-Semitism, such as the ghetto banks ( getto ławkowe ) at Polish universities, from a Jewish perspective . Appenszlak advocated the concept of a Jewish polonity with which the exclusion of the Jews by the Polish nationalists should be overcome, but which was also directed against the Bundists of the General Jewish Workers' Union and against the ultra-orthodox Agudat Yisrael , both of which are rooted in Yiddish-speaking culture were and wanted to preserve them. Appenszlak made compromises with Polish militarism and the authoritarian and undemocratic regime of Józef Piłsudski . Appenszlak participated in the uncritical and ritualized veneration of the Marshal of the Second Polish Republic, who died in 1935 .

Appenszlak's attempts to acculturate Jews into Polish society were not accepted by parts of Polish society; others, including the Jewish speakers, received them with aloofness and criticized them as illusory: A Jew writing in Polish is not really a Jew for the Jews. Just as he is not really a Polish writer for the Poles ( Henryk Grynberg ).

Appenszlak wrote poetry, a novel and translated Der Judenstaat by Theodor Herzl and works from Yiddish by Sholem Aleichem and Sholem Asch into Polish. In 1934 he wrote the screenplay for Henryk Bojm's film Świt, dzień i noc Palestyny . On his initiative, the Jewish Society for the Dissemination of Fine Arts was founded in 1921 , which organized 87 exhibitions by 1937.

Appenszlak was a delegate at the 25th Zionist Congress in Geneva in August 1939 and was unable to return to Warsaw after the outbreak of war. He fled to the USA, where he and Aryeh Tartakower founded the Polish-language newspaper Nasza Trybuna , which had a circulation of 2,000 copies. During his American emigration he wrote about contemporary problems such as the Warsaw Ghetto uprising and the Holocaust and edited several anthologies of Polish-Jewish literature.

His wife Paulina managed to flee to Chernivtsi with their son Henryk during the German occupation of Poland in 1939 , from where they both were able to emigrate to Palestine . The family never got together in the few years after the war. Henryk died in an accident in Israel in 1949. After Jakub's death in New York (February or March 1950), Paulina married the former editor of Nasz Przegląd Zygmunt Fogiel in Israel .

Fonts

  • Mowie polskiej: poemat . Warszawa: Gazeta Handlowa, 1915 Appenszlak, Jakub (1894-1950): Mowie polskiej: poemat Appenszlak, Jakub . Europeana. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  • Piętra: Dom na Bielańskiej . Roman, 1934 [floors. A house on Bielańska Street]
  • (Mhrsg.): The Black Book of Polish Jewry, an account of the martyrdom of Polish Jewry under the Nazi occupation. New York: American Federation for Polish Jews, 1943
  • with Mojżesz Polakiewicz: Armed Resistance of the Jews in Poland . New York, American Federation for Polish Jews, 1944
  • with Józef Wittlin : Poezje ghetta z podziemia żydowskiego w Polsce . Illustrations Zygmunt Menkes . New York: Association of Friends of our Tribune, 1945
  • (Ed.): Z otchłani . Anthology. (From the Abyss), 1945
  • with Henryka Karmel, Ilona Karmel: Śpiew za drutami. poezje . New York, Association of Friends of Our Tribune, 1947

literature

  • Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? : Ethnicity and nation in the mirror of the Polish-language Jewish press 1918-1939 . Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2004. Zugl .: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2002

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Appenszlak Jakub . Jewish Historical Institute. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b Katrin Steffen: Jewish Polonity? , 2004, p. 53f
  3. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 60
  4. ^ Circulation numbers of the Jewish newspapers in Poland with Katrin Steffen: Jüdische Polonität? , 2004, p. 75ff
  5. ↑ a b c d Katrin Steffen: “Jewish Polishness” - Tragic Delusion or Workable Design?
  6. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 72
  7. ↑ Paulina Appenszlakowa  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , at Żydowski Instytut Historyczny@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.jhi.pl  
  8. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 70. pl: Ewa (tygodnik) in the Polish Wikipedia; pl: Paulina Appenszlak in the Polish Wikipedia
  9. ↑ Eugenia Prokop-Janiec: Jakub Appenszlak , at Yivo (en)
  10. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 104
  11. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 123
  12. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 371
  13. ↑ A Jew who writes in Polish is not a Jew for the Jew. But neither is he a Polish author for the Poles. Henryk Grynberg, translated from Polish into English by Steffen, “Jewish Polishness” , p. 11
  14. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 191
  15. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 370
  16. ^ Arieh Tartakower , at jewish virtual library
  17. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 371
  18. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 378
  19. ↑ Katrin Steffen: Jewish polity? , 2004, p. 371; Zygmunt Fogiel , at Ghetto Fighters House Archives
personal data
SURNAME Appenszlak, Jakub
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pierrot
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish journalist, literary critic and translator
DATE OF BIRTH July 21, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw
DATE OF DEATH March 29, 1950
Place of death New York City