Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam

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Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Party leader Fazlur Rehman
founding 1945
Alignment Islamism
Colours) Black-and-white
Parliament seats Senate :
5/104

National Assembly :
13/342

The Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam ( JUI , Urdu جمعیت علمائے اسلام, Punjabi جمعیت علمائے اسلام, also transcribed as Jamiat-e-Ulema Islam or Jam'iyat al-Ulama-i Islam , translated: "Association of Islamic Scholars") is an Islamist political party in Pakistan that is part of the Deobandi movement, an orthodox Islamic school that teaches according to the Hanafi school of law.

Today she is part of the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal electoral alliance . The party is currently divided into two factions, each fighting for influence in the local population: one was headed by Maulana Fazlur Rehman (called JUI-F) and the other was headed by Maulana Sami-ul-Haq until he was assassinated in early November 2018 (called JUI-S).

The movement is mainly carried by the Pashtun ethnic group . It is considered to be the spiritual origin of the Taliban movement, whose members were largely trained in the Koran schools run by the JUI.

ideology

The Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam works continuously to transform the law and statutes of the country according to their concept of Islam. Ideologically it is described as uncompromisingly rigid, it insists on the strict enforcement of traditional Islamic law . The JUI helped establish thousands of madrasas in Pakistan, more than any other religious movement.

history

The organization emerged in 1945 as a split from the Indian Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind , which took the position that Muslims could also live in a country where they were in the minority. It was initially a purely religious movement. Only later, under the leadership of Maulana Ghulam Ghaus Hazarvi , did it become a political party. Maulana Mufti Mahmud gave her a populist orientation in 1970 and positioned her against military rule. With this program, as well as a progressive social concept and strictly anti-American and anti-imperialist rhetoric, she was quite successful in the 1970 elections. With the Jamaat-e-Islami she was then in a long rivalry.

After 1972, together with the Awami party, she established the government in the Balochistan Province and the Northwest Province (today Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ). At the federal level she was in opposition to the dictatorship of General Zia-ul-Haq and also rejected his program of Islamization , which she felt was opportunistic. In 1981 she joined forces with the secular and socialist parties to form the "Movement for the Restoration of Democracy" (MRD) against Zia-ul-Haq's military dictatorship and the imposition of martial law.

While the Jamaat-e-Islami was supported by the Pakistani secret service ISI in the 1980s and used by them as a link to Afghan mujahideen , the JUI was largely ignored by the government. During this time she built hundreds of madrasas in the Pashtun-populated Afghan-Pakistani border strip in Balochistan and the northwestern province. There, young Afghan refugees received free education, accommodation and food, as well as paramilitary training. The Taliban movement arose from them. Through them, the JUI also gained influence over the Pashtuns in southern Afghanistan.

In 1993 the JUI allied itself with the Pakistani People's Party of Benazir Bhutto and became part of the governing coalition after their election victory. Mufti Mahmud's son Fazlur Rehman became chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Assembly. He used this position to promote the Taliban in the USA, Europe, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States. Sami ul Haq meanwhile founded his extremist split from the JUI. The most important Taliban leaders were trained in his Madrasa Dar-ul-Uloom Haqqania .

In 2002, the JUI merged with the Jamaat-e-Islami to form the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) alliance. Its strongholds are in the poverty-stricken and Pashtun-inhabited regions bordering Afghanistan : the federally administered tribal areas , the provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Haroon Rashid: Profile: Maulana Fazlur Rahman . In: BBC News , November 6, 2002. Retrieved May 5, 2010. 
  2. ↑ Esposito, John L., Oxford Dictionary of Islam, OUP, (2008)
  3. ↑ Ahmed Rashid: Taliban. Afghanistan's fighters for God and the new war in the Hindu Kush. CH Beck, Munich 2010, p. 48.
  4. ^ Nicholas Schmidle: Next-Gen Taliban . In: The New York Times , January 6, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2010. 
  5. ↑ Haroon Rashid: Profile: Maulana Fazlur Rahman . In: BBC News , November 6, 2002. Retrieved May 5, 2010. 
  6. ↑ a b http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/jui.htm
  7. ↑ Rashid: Taliban. 2010, p. 145.
  8. ↑ Rashid: Taliban. 2010, p. 146.
  9. ↑ Rashid: Taliban. 2010, p. 147.
  10. ^ Lars Normann: The Islamist Jihad in Pakistan. Geopolitical aspects of a multi-causal conflict. WeltTrends Papers No. 10, Universitätsverlag Potsdam, 2009, p. 11.