Jan Chryzostom Janiszewski

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Jan Chryzostom Janiszewski (also Johannes Chrysostomus Janiszewski ; born January 27, 1818 in Pudliszki ( province of Posen ), † October 11, 1891 in Gnesen ) was a Polish theologian , priest and politician . Most recently he was auxiliary bishop in the Archdiocese of Gniezno-Posen . In the course of the Prussian Kulturkampf , he was deposed in 1877.

Life

He studied Catholic theology and philosophy in Breslau and Berlin and graduated with a doctorate . Janiszewski received in 1844 in Gniezno the priesthood . After that he was vicar in Trzemeszno until 1846 . Then he was until 1855 professor of church history and moral theology in Poznan. From 1848 he was also the regens of the clerical seminary there.

In addition, he worked between 1846 and 1852 as editor of the "Polish Church Newspaper". He was also active as a Catholic-Polish social politician. At the beginning of the revolution of 1848/1849 he was a member of the Polish National Committee during the Poznan Uprising . He was also a member of the deputation that brought the Polish petitions to the king. Janiszewski was from June 1, 1848 to August 3, 1848 as a non-attached member of the constituency of the 12th Province of Posen (Samter) member of the Frankfurt National Assembly . There he belonged to the Catholic Club . In Frankfurt he stood out as an advocate of the Polish cause. He protested against the incorporation of part of the province of Posen into the German Confederation . He also criticized the nationalist statements made by some liberal and right-wing MPs. His successor in Frankfurt was Karol Libelt . Janiszewski also took part in the Slavs Congress in Prague in 1848 . In the same year he emerged as a co-founder and organizer of the Liga Polska . From 1849 to 1851 and from 1862 to 1866 he was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives . He belonged to the Polish parliamentary group and was temporarily its vice-president.

Between 1858 and 1868 he was provost in Kościelec and then canon in Poznan. From 1866 he was vicar general and official of the Archdiocese of Gniezno-Posen. He was appointed auxiliary bishop in Gnesen-Posen on June 26, 1871 . The episcopal ordination on July 23, 1871 was carried out by Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski . After Archbishop Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski was deposed in 1874 during the Prussian culture war, the cathedral chapters of Gniezno and Poznan refused to elect a diocese administrator because they considered the impeachment to be unlawful. The Pope had secretly appointed Janiszewski as administrator of the archdiocese. On July 4, the government searched Janiszewski's home in vain to find the relevant document. Some time later he was sentenced by the Poznan District Court for unlawful employment of clergy to a fine of 2,200 thalers and alternatively to one year and three months in prison. Since he did not pay the fine and a seizure resulted in only a small amount, Janiszewski was arrested and imprisoned until February 1875. He was then interned in Brandenburg and lived temporarily in Berlin. He was later detained again in Gniezno. In 1877 he was deposed as canon and auxiliary bishop. He then lived in exile in Krakow for a long time and was only able to return to Poznan as a private person in 1886.

Janiszewski was also the author of theological writings. So he published in 1860 The celibacy of the clergy of the Catholic Church .

literature

  • The protocols of the Prussian State Ministry 1817–1934 / 38, Volume 7: January 8, 1879 to March 19, 1890. Ed. By Hartwin Spenkuch, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 1999 (= Acta Borussica New Series, 1st row) p. 405.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Christian Meyer: History of the country of Posen. Posen 1881, p. 416, p. 418
  2. ↑ Ludwig Feuerbach: Collected works. 19. Exchange of letters, 3. 1845–1852. Berlin 1993, p. 483
  3. ^ Heinrich Brück: History of the Catholic Church in Germany. Vol. 4 1st department. Münster 1907, p. 384, p. 538
personal data
SURNAME Janiszewski, Jan Chryzostom
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Janiszewski, Johannes Chrysostom
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish politician and auxiliary bishop in Gnesen-Posen
DATE OF BIRTH January 27, 1818
PLACE OF BIRTH Pudliszki
DATE OF DEATH October 11, 1891
Place of death Gniezno