Conversation
The Ge languages (pronunciation: [ʒeː], with accent : Gê languages , including: Jê languages ), provide an indigenous American language family , which fall mainly in the regions of Nordeste , Sudeste and Centro-Oeste Brazil is widespread and out of 13 Individual languages.
structure
-
Central group:
- Acroá [acs]
- Acua group:
- Xavánte [xav]
- Xerénte [xer]
- Xakriabá [xkr]
-
Northwest Group:
- Apinayé [apn]
- Kayapó [txu]
- Kreen Akarore [kre]
- Suyá [suy]
- Timbira Group:
- Gavião, Pará [gvp]
- Canela [ram]
- Krahô [xra]
- Kreye [xre]
- Krikati-Timbira [xri]
The languages with the most speakers are Kaingang with 18,000, Xavante with 9600 and Kayapo with 7000 native speakers. Acroá and Xakriabá are already extinct.
The Ge languages can be expanded into a larger genealogical group called Macro Ge .
Linguistic characteristics
The Canela (Timbira group, see above) is a language with the basic word order subject-object-verb (SOV) and knows active , accusative and ergative sentence constructions, as well as experimental constructions. The cases are mainly designated by post positions .
swell
- Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler Lexicon Language. Metzler, Stuttgart et al. 1993, ISBN 3-476-00937-8 .
literature
- Irvine Davis: Proto-Jê phonology. In: Estudos Lingüísticos. Revista Brasileira de Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada. Vol. 1, Heft 2, 1967, ZDB -ID 951862-9 , pp. 10-24.
- Flavia de Castro Alves: O Timbira falado pelos Canela Apãniekrá. Uma contribução aos estudos da morfossintaxe de uma língua Jê. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 2004, ( digital version (PDF; 5.5 MB) ).
- J. Alden Mason: The languages of South American Indians. In: Julian H. Steward (Ed.): Physical anthropology, linguistics and cultural geography of South American Indians (= Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6 = Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin. 143, 6, ZDB -ID 799398- 5 ). United States Government Printing Office, Washington DC 1950, pp. 157-319.
- Ursula Wiesemann: The pronoun systems of some Jê and Macro-Jê languages. In: Ursula Wiesemann (Ed.): Pronominal Systems (= Continuum. 5). Narr, Tübingen 1986, ISBN 3-87808-335-1 , pp. 359-380.
- Johannes Wilbert: Material lingüístico Ye (= Instituto Caribe de Antropología y Sociología, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. Monografías. 10, ZDB -ID 1108430-3 ). Editorial Sucre, Caracas 1964.