Jean Hamburger

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Jean Hamburger (born July 15, 1909 in Paris ; † February 1, 1992 ibid) was a French doctor and essayist who carried out the world's first successful kidney transplant from a living donor in Paris in 1953 and was elected a member of the Académie française in 1985 .

Life

Doctor and specialist in kidney disease

After attending school, Hamburger began studying sciences at the University of Paris Sorbonne and then medicine . After completing his studies, he became an assistant doctor in 1936 and a hospital doctor in 1945, before he became a doctor at the Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades children's hospital in 1949 after leaving the Agrégation . In 1947 he was the founder and president of the Fondation pour la recherche médicale (FRM). There he carried out the world's first successful kidney transplant from a living donor in 1953, which the 16-year-old patient who received the kidney from his mother only survived for a short time.

Also in 1953 he presented a first concept for the establishment of intensive care medicine in France and created another concept for nephrology for the study of the kidneys and kidney diseases. In 1955, Hamburger carried out the first dialysis in France. He then became a professor at the Clinic for Nephrology at the Hôpital Necker in 1958 and held this position until 1982. At the same time he was head of a research laboratory at the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) and the Center national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS ) for research on kidneys and transplant immunology . During this time he achieved the first successful kidney transplant between dizygotic twins in 1959 and finally in 1962 between non-twins. In the following years he did fundamental research on immunology in kidney diseases, transplant immunology and autoimmune diseases .

Literary works and honors

Since 1972 Hamburger, who had already written a large number of medical books on kidney disease, has written essays and books dealing with human condition, the causes of the fragility of the modern world, the search for a balance between biology and the spiritual needs of mankind and the Limits and the censorship of knowledge. He also advocated the use of the French language in medicine and wrote a French medical dictionary . In 1972 he received the Prix ​​Femina Vacaresco , previously awarded to Marguerite Yourcenar , among others .

In 1974 he became a member of the Académie des sciences , of which he was president from 1981 to 1982, and in 1975 a member of the Académie nationale de Médecine . In addition, he was not only a member of foreign academies, but also an honorary doctorate from numerous foreign universities . He was also active as President of the Board of Directors and the Science Council of the Palais de la Découverte as well as a member of the Advisory Boards of the Legion of Honor , the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and the Musée de l'Homme .

Hamburger, who received the Prix Cino del Duca and the Prix Balzac in 1979, was also a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor and the Ordre national du Mérite and commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres .

On April 18, 1985, he was elected to succeed Pierre Emmanuel, who "resigned" in 1975, as a member of the Académie française , where he occupied the fourth armchair (armchair 4) until his death.

Publications

  • Les Migraines , 1935
  • Physiologie de l'innervation rénale , 1936
  • Petite encyclopédie médicale , 1942
  • Traité de pathologie médicale , 3 volumes, 1948
  • Nouveaux procédés d'exploration fonctionnelle du rein , 1949
  • Le Retentissement humoral de l'insuffisance rénale , 1951
  • Métabolisme de l'eau , 1952
  • Techniques de réanimation médicale , 1954
  • L'insuffisance rénale , 1961
  • Conseils aux étudiants en médecine , 1963
  • Traité de néphrologie , 2 volumes, 1966
  • La transplantation rénale , 1971
  • Structure and function of the kidney , 1971
  • La Puissance et la Fragilité , 1972
  • Dictionnaire de médecine, préface et direction , 1975
  • L'Homme et les Hommes , 1976
  • Néphrology , 2 volumes, 1979
  • Demain, les autres , 1979
  • Un jour, un homme ... , 1981
  • Introduction au langage de la médecine , 1982
  • Le journal d'Harvey , 1983
  • La Raison et la Passion , 1984
  • Le Dieu foudroyé , 1985
  • Le Miel et la Ciguë , 1986
  • Monsieur Littré , 1988
  • La plus belle aventure du monde , 1988
  • Zouchy et quelques autres histoires , 1988
  • Dictionnaire promenade , 1989
  • La Puissance et la Fragility. Vingt ans après , 1990
  • Le Livre de l'aventure humaine , 1990
  • Les Belles Imprudences, Réflexion sur la human condition , 1991

Web links and sources

Individual evidence

  1. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter H. Académie des sciences, accessed on November 22, 2019 (French).
personal data
SURNAME Hamburger, Jean
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French medic and essayist
DATE OF BIRTH July 15, 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH February 1, 1992
Place of death Paris