Yehuda Hajjudj

Yehuda Chajjudsch ( Hebrew יהודה חיוג ', Arabic أبو زكريا يحيى بن داؤد حيوج Abū Sakarīya Yahya bin Dāwūd Ḥayyūdsch ; born around 945 in Fez , Morocco ; died around 1000 in Córdoba , Al-Andalus , today Spain ) was a Hebrew grammarian. He is considered the founder of the philologically well-founded Hebrew grammar ; Abraham ibn Esra called him "the first grammarian in the land of the west".

Live and act

Chajjudsch moved from Fez to Cordoba at a young age, where he stayed until the end of his life. No further biographical details are known. He was a student of Menachem ben Saruq , whom he defended against the attacks by Dunasch ben Labrat and his supporters. Arabic grammarians had already discovered the three-letter case (triliterality, tri-radical word roots) prevalent in Arabic as early as the 8th century . The Jewish scholars of the time initially refused to draw analogous conclusions when comparing the two Semitic languages , and only Yehuda Chajjudsch transferred the principle of the three radicals to the Hebrew language . His works are written in Arabic. The first Hebrew translation of his works was written by Moses Gikatilla , the second by Abraham ibn Esra. The technical terms used in today's representations of Hebrew grammar are still translations of the Arabic terms introduced by Chajjudj.

expenditure

• Heinrich Ewald and Leopold Dukes: Contributions to the history of the oldest interpretation and language explanation of the Old Testament . Stuttgart 1844. Volume III contains Ibn Esra's translation ( online ).
• John W. Nutt: Two Treatises on Verbs Containing Feeble and Double Letters by R. Jehuda Ḥayug of Fez, Translated into Hebrew from the Original Arabic by R. Moses Giḳatilia of Cordova; to Which Is Added the Treatise on Punctuation by the Same Author, Translated by Aben Ezra: Edited from Bodleian MSS. with an English Translation. London and Berlin 1870. ( Online ).
• Daniel Sivan and Ali Wated: שלושת חיבורי הדקדוק של ר׳ יהודה חיוג׳ במקורם הערבי ובתרגום לעברית חדשה. מהדורה ביקורתית [Three Treatises on Hebrew Grammar by R. Judah Ḥayyuj. A New Critical Edition of the Arabic Text with a Modern Hebrew Translation]. Beer Sheva 2011. ISBN 978-965-536-096-7

Literature (selection)

• Wilhelm Bacher : Hebrew linguistics from the 10th to the 16th century . Trier 1892.
• Max Mayer: Article CHAJUDSCH, JUDA ben DAVID . In: Jewish Lexicon , Berlin 1927, Vol. I.
• Angel Sáenz-Badillos; Judit Targarona Borrás: Yĕhudah (Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā) ben David al-Fāsī Ḥayyuŷ. In: Diccionario de autores judios (Sefarad. Siglos X-XV). El Almendro, Córdoba 1988 (Estudios de Cultura Hebrea, Volume 10), pp. 135-136. ISBN 84-86077-69-9 .

Web links

• Crawford Howell Toy , Caspar Levias : Article in Jewish Encyclopedia