Jiashatao

Jiashatao ( Chinese  夾砂 陶  /  夹砂 陶 , Pinyin jiāshātáo , English sandy pottery; sandy ware; sand-embedded pottery; sand-mixed pottery; sand-tempered pottery; etc.  - "Pottery made from clay mixed with sand") is a Chinese archaeological term or a term from Chinese pottery. Jiashatao are pottery made from clay mixed with sand.

These are already widespread pottery products in the Neolithic period , with those with red clay (hóngtáo 红陶) and gray clay (huītáo 灰陶) being the most common. The reason why they are called jiashatao (" earthenware mixed with sand") is because the earth for the unfired earthenware is mixed with many grains of sand. By adding sand , the unfired earthenware appears coarse-grained and loose. Jiashatao is mainly used for the production of cooking vessels (chuīqì 炊 器), also for drinking and eating vessels, as well as for ritual objects.

If cooking vessels mixed with sand in this way are used, the cooking pot standing in the firewood does not easily burst, similar to the shaguo clay cooking pot (shāguō 砂锅 / 砂鍋) used today . Jiashatao was probably used at the time of the first appearance of pottery, and evidence of it has been discovered in many places across China (see below).

It has a long history and is a widely used early pottery technique. In the circle Jingxi (Bose) Autonomous Region Guangxi Zhuang the method of the will Zhuang applied. The Jiashatao -Töpferei is particularly widespread in western China.

Neolithic jiashatao sites in China

Jiashatao pottery was discovered at the following Neolithic sites in China (selection). In brackets there are some jiashatao vessel names taken from a wide variety of Chinese archaeological texts :

• Banshan site (jiāshātáoguàn 夹砂 陶罐)
• Beixin site (jiāshāhuánghètáo 夹砂 黄褐 陶)
• Cishan culture (jiāshācūhóngtáo 夹砂 粗 红陶)
• Erlitou site (jiāshāchángfùguàn 夹砂 长 腹 罐)
• Houli culture (jiāshātáo 夹砂 陶)
• Majiabang culture (jiāshā- 夹砂 and nízhìhóngtào 泥质 红陶)
• Peiligang culture (jiāshācūhóngtáo 夹砂 粗 红陶)
• Qijia culture (jiāshāhóngtáo 夹砂 红陶)
• Shajing culture type (jiāshā hóngtáo 夹砂 红陶)
• Xindian culture (jiāshāhóngtáo 夹砂 红陶)
• Xinglongwa culture (陶器 均 夹砂 ， 绝大多数 有 “之” 字 纹 ...)
• Xinle culture (陶器 多 夹砂 陶 ， 纹饰 以 压印 “之” 字形 线纹)
• Yangshao culture (夹砂 红褐 陶)
• Zhuwuyan (朱 屋 岩)

English technical terms

• red sandy-ware pottery
• fine-clay sandy-ware pottery
• gray sandy-ware pottery
• fine-clay black surface pottery
• fine-clay mixed with shell powder pottery

Web links

Main source

• Taoqi de zhizuo yu pinzhong (jiashatao) 陶器 的 制作 与 品种 (夹砂 陶)

Other web links

• Zhongguo taoqi de faming yu zaoqi taoqi 中国 陶器 的 发明 与 早期 陶器 - Chinese
• Chen Xingcan: Searching for the Earliest Neolithic Cultures in China - from the Perspective of Ceramics
• Jiashatao zhuizuding 夹砂 陶 锥 足 鼎
• Jiashatao - Chinese
• Xinshiqi Shidai taoqi - Pottery of the Neolithic Age - Chinese
• 瓷器 欣賞 Chinese Ceramics - Chinese / English
• Jiashatao zhizuo gongyi - Zhuang in Jingxi County (Bose / Baise), Guangxi - Chinese
• The first report on excavations of a Neolithic site in Anhui --------- Xuejiagang in Qianshan - English

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E5%A4%B9%E7%A0%82%E9%99%B6
2. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from August 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
3. ↑ http://blog.sina.com.tw/15830/article.php?pbgid=15830&entryid=3850
4. ↑ http://bic.cass.cn/English/infoShow/Arcitle_Show_Forum2_Show.asp?ID=327&Title=The%20Humanities%20Study&strNavigation=Home-%3EForum&BigClassID=4&SmallClassID=8  ( page no longer available , searching web archives )  info: The Link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ http://www.kaogu.cn/en/detail.asp?ProductID=1249
6. ↑ 西方 地區 一 川 ， 滇 ， 雲 ， 藏． 夾砂 陶 為主 ．4500 BC 廣西 桂林 甑 皮 嶺 氧化鋁 多 ， 助 熔 差 。1000 ℃ 以下 無法 燒結。2006/01/15 瓷器 欣賞 Chinese Ceramics