Johann Andreas Gärtner

Johann Andreas Gärtner (born August 6, 1744 in Dresden , † November 5, 1826 in Munich ) was an architect who is considered one of the early mediators of French revolutionary architecture.

family

He was born as the 2nd son of the royal Polish and electoral Saxon court model maker Johann Gärtner (1694-1759).

The Gärtner family had produced important court mechanics, court carpenters and master model makers at the Saxon court. Its most famous representative was the great uncle Andreas Gärtner (1654-1727), from whom Johann Andreas Gärtner also got his middle name. Andreas Gärtner was revered by his contemporaries as the "Saxon Archimedes" and was famous for his mechanical and furniture products, as a manufacturer of architectural models and as a writer of references to architecture.

In 1785 Johann Andreas Gärtner married Barbara Sachs (1765-1818) from Würzburg, daughter of Friedrich Sachs, page steward and counsel at the imperial district court. After two daughters, the son Friedrich Gärtner was born on December 10, 1791 , one of the most important architects of German classicism.

Professional development

After staying on the estate of Count Minscek in Dukla (Poland) from 1764 to 1770 and Vienna (studying engineering), Johann Andreas Gärtner lived in Paris from 1773 to 1782. There he worked in the office of the architect Jean Francois Therese Chalgrin (1739–1811), one of the most important and influential architects of the time. After Gärtner won the Grand Prix of the Academie d'Architecture , he moved to Rome from 1759 to 1763. In 1763 he became Inspecteur des travaux de la ville de Paris , in 1770 he became a member of the Academie d'Architecture and in 1779 he took over the post of Intendant of the Comte d'Artois (younger brother of King Louis XVI).

In January 1783 he signed his contract of employment as a construction manager for the construction of the new Electorate of Trier residential palace in Koblenz . There he was promoted to court building director Kurtrier. With the elector's flight from the approaching French revolutionary troops in 1794, Johann Andreas Gärtner left Koblenz and found refuge in his wife's hometown. In 1798 he became the court building director of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg in Würzburg. After the prince-bishopric was transferred to Bavaria, he finally moved to Munich, where he held the office of royal Bavarian court building manager from 1804 to 1819.

Executed planning

• Koblenz: Wall-mounted equipment of the representative rooms, parts of the furniture and the interior of the chapel in the castle
• Koblenz: Rheintor, 1783–86
• Mainz: Academy hall in the castle: Realization and changes in detail of the decor, 1785–87
• Würzburg: Beletage of the Domkurie Hof Grindlach
• Koblenz: fortress construction yard, 1783–85
• Würzburg: Market Fountain, 1802
• Bad Bocklet: hall construction
• Bad Neustadt an der Saale: Catholic parish church Mariae Himmelfahrt, interior work
• Würzburg: St. Michael seminary church (formerly Jesuit church), expansion of the choir, 1796–98
• Munich: Old Herkulessaal in the Munich Residence (now called Max-Joseph-Saal )
• Munich: Nymphenburg Palace, furnishings in Queen Caroline's apartment, 1806-08
• Munich: Conversion of the Marstall to the Royal Mint , 1807-09
• Munich: English Garden: Waterfall, 1814/15

literature

• Oswald Hederer:  gardener, Johann Andreas the Younger. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 20 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Marcus Marschall: The electoral court building director Johann Andreas Gärtner and his part in the electoral building work in Koblenz, especially the Koblenz residence . In: Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz, 200 years Residenz Koblenz, catalog for the exhibition in the castle in Koblenz August 6 to November 2, 1986 . Druckhaus Koblenz, pp. 35-49, Koblenz 1986
• Kay Thoss: Hofbauintendant Andreas Gärtner (1744–1826) - architect of a life in upheaval . VDG publishing house and database for the humanities, Weimar 1998, ISBN 3-89739-031-0

Web links

• Literature by and about Johann Andreas Gärtner in the catalog of the German National Library