Johann Friedrich Christian Hessel
Friedrich Hessel (born April 27, 1796 in Nuremberg , † June 3, 1872 in Marburg ) was a German crystallographer and university professor .
life and work
From 1825 Hessel was professor of mineralogy in Marburg. He was also a member of the city council in Marburg. For his services he became an honorary citizen of the city of Marburg on November 9, 1840 . In 1830/31 he was rector of the Philipps University of Marburg .
As one of the first, Hessel derived the 32 crystallographic point groups (crystal classes). His investigations were based exclusively on the crystal morphology . He was familiar with the laws of symmetry that René-Just Haüy had discovered and that he greatly admired. It is noteworthy that at the time of Hessel's studies not all 32 point groups had been found in the form of crystals and minerals. He therefore derived the point groups purely theoretically by combining symmetry operations.
Hessel published his results in 1830 in the article Krystall in Johann Samuel Traugott Gehler's physical dictionary (Volume 5, Part 2). This article went unnoticed for a long time. Only a new edition of the article in 1897 received more attention. The 32 point groups were found a little earlier by Moritz Ludwig Frankenheim (1826). But his work went unnoticed for over 150 years. Later derivations of the 32 point groups come from Auguste Bravais (1849) and Axel Wilhelmowitsch Gadolin (1867).
In general, Hessel's arguments are considered difficult to understand. That may have contributed to the fact that his work was long overlooked.
Important works
- Crystal . Re-edited. In: Heinrich W. Brandes , Leopold Gmelin , Johann Horner , Georg W. Muncke , Christoph H. Pfaff (Eds.): Johann Samuel Traugott Gehler's Physical Dictionary . tape 5 , division 2: I to K . EB Schwickert, Leipzig 1830, p. 1023––1340 ( full text in the Google book search). (Special reprint as: Krystallometrie, or Krystallonomie und Krystallographie (= Ostwald's classic of exact sciences. Vol. 88-89, ISSN 0232-3419 ). 2 volumes. Engelmann, Leipzig 1897, digitized volume 1 , digitized volume 2 ).
- Overview of the equilateral polyhedra and reference to the relationships between these bodies and the equilateral polyhedra. Ehrhardt, Marburg 1871, digitized .
literature
- Wilhelm von Gümbel : Hessel, Johann Friedrich Christian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 307 f.
- Pieter Terpstra: Leerboek the geometric crystallography. Noordhoff, Groningen 1927, pp. 70-71.
- Hans Seifert: Hessel, Friedrich Christian. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 23 ( digitized version ).
- Harold SM Coxeter : Regular Polytopes. 3rd edition. Dover New York NY 1973, ISBN 0-486-61480-8 .
- Johann Jakob Burckhardt : The symmetry of the crystals. From René-Just Haüy to the crystallographic school in Zurich. Birkhäuser, Basel et al. 1988, ISBN 3-7643-1918-6 , pp. 31–34.
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Because of special zeal for service and intelligence as a member of the city council"
- ↑ Rector's speeches (HKM)
- ^ Johann Friedrich Christian Hessel: Krystallometrie, or Krystallonomie und Krystallographie, in a peculiar way and with the basis of new general teachings of the pure gestaltenkunde, as well as with complete consideration of the most important works and methods of other crystallographers . Volume 2 (= Oswalds's classic of the exact sciences . Volume 89 ). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1897.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hessel, Johann Friedrich Christian |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hessel, Friedrich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German crystallographer and university professor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 27, 1796 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Nuremberg |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 3, 1872 |
| Place of death | Marburg |