Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes

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Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes (born July 27, 1777 in Groden (belonged to the Hamburg office of Ritzebüttel , today to Cuxhaven ), † May 17, 1834 in Leipzig ) was a German physicist , meteorologist and astronomer .

Life

He was born in 1777 as the third son of the preacher Albert Georg Brandes in Groden (Cuxhaven). He studied from 1796 to 1798 at the University of Göttingen with Abraham Gotthelf Kästner and Georg Christoph Lichtenberg and received his doctorate with them in 1800. His fellow students included u. a. Carl Friedrich Gauss . For a short time he worked as a private tutor.

From 1801 to 1811 he was initially a dike designer on the Weser in the Duchy of Oldenburg on the Jadebusen in the village of Eckwarden , later a dike inspector on the lower right bank of the Weser.

In 1811 he became professor of mathematics at the newly founded University of Breslau . In 1826 he moved to the University of Leipzig as a professor of physics .

He was very versatile, u. a. he created a considerable number of textbooks on mathematics. In his dissertation submitted to the University of Leipzig in 1826, he published the first weather maps . This makes him the founder of synoptic meteorology .

In 1824 he specified a new method to numerically calculate Euler's constant .

From 1830 he was a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In December 1833 he was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg . He died in Leipzig on May 17, 1834.

Works

  • Attempts to determine the distance, the speed and the orbits of the falling stars (with Johann Friedrich Benzenberg ; 1800)
  • Textbook of arithmetic, geometry and trigonometry (1 volume. Schulze, Oldenburg 1808-)
  • Textbook of geometry and trigonometry. Schulze, Oldenburg 1810 ( digitized version )
  • The most distinguished teachings of astronomy presented in German in letters to a friend. 4 vols. Leipzig 1811-1816. Vol. 1 (1816). Vol. 2 (1816).
  • Complicated instructions for observing falling stars (in a letter to Professor Gilbert) . In: Annalen der Physik , vol. B. 62, pp. 284–299, 1819 ( digitized version )
  • Investigations on the mean course of heat changes throughout the year; about simultaneous weather events in far apart regions of the world; about the shapes of clouds, the origins of rain and storms; and other meteorological items. Barth, Leipzig 1820
  • Contributions to weather studies: with 2 copper plates. u. 7 illum. Weather rod. Barth, Leipzig 1820 ( digitized version )
  • Entertainments for friends of physics and astronomy. 3 volumes, Barth, Leipzig 1825–1829 ( digitized version )
  • Lectures on astronomy to educate those who lack mathematical knowledge. 2 Vols. Leipzig: GJ Göschen, 1827. Vol. 1. Vol. 2.
  • Lectures on the theory of nature (3 volumes. Göschen, Leipzig 1830–1832)
  • Essays on subjects of astronomy and physics, for readers of all levels. Göschen, Leipzig 1835 ( digitized version )

literature

  • Michael Börngen: Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes (1777–1834). Inventor of the weather map, Leipzig 1817/1826 . Edition at Gutenbergplatz Leipzig, 2017 (43 pages).
  • Michael Börngen: Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes (1777–1834) . In: Sächsische Lebensbilder , Vol. 6.1, Stuttgart, 2009, pp. 113-136.
  • Karl Christian Bruhns :  Brandes, Heinrich Wilhelm . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 242 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Brandes, Heinrich Wilhelm: Dissertatio physica de repentinis variationibus in pressione atmaerae observatis, Lipsiae 1826, pp. 45–48 [1]
  2. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 48.
personal data
SURNAME Brandes, Heinrich Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist, meteorologist and astronomer
DATE OF BIRTH July 27, 1777
PLACE OF BIRTH Groden
DATE OF DEATH May 17, 1834
Place of death Leipzig