Johann von Hoorn

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Johann von Hoorn

Johann von Hoorn (* 1458 in Weert ; † December 18, 1505 in Maastricht ) (French Jean de Hornes ) was bishop of Liège from 1483 to 1505 .

Life

Johann was the son of Count Jakob I von Hoorn , Lord of Altena and Johanna, Countess of Moers and Saar Werden . As the youngest son, he was destined for the clergy. In 1474 he joined the cathedral chapter of Liège, in 1480 he became provost of Saint-Paul in Liège and archdeacon of Haspengau, and he was provost of Saint-Denis in Liège.

In the conflict between the Liège bishop Ludwig von Bourbon and Wilhelm von der Mark , he was on the side of the bishop. He was captured during the conquest of Liege, but was able to buy himself out and flee to Maastricht. Bishop Ludwig von Bourbon was killed during the conquest, the new city lord Wilhelm von der Marck, who was appointed patron and defender of the diocese by the cathedral chapter , proposed his son Johann as the new bishop. Since the city had been under interdict since the murder of Louis of Bourbon , there were doubts about the validity of an election in Liege. After obtaining an expert opinion, the part of the cathedral chapter remaining in Liège elected Johann von der Mark as bishop on September 14, 1482. The Archbishop of Cologne, Hermann von Hessen, then renewed the interdict over Liège on September 23, banished Wilhelm von der Mark and excluded his descendants from all clerical offices. The minority of the cathedral chapter who had fled found refuge in the Brabant lion and on October 16 elected Johann von Hoorn as bishop, which the defeated candidate Jacques de Croÿ did not recognize. While both candidates appealed to the Pope, the fighting between Wilhelm von der Mark and Maximilian von Austria continued , and a division of the Liège diocese was also considered. Pope Sixtus IV confirmed Johann von Hoorn as bishop on December 17th.

After Wilhelm von der Mark accepted the Pope's decision and made a peace with Maximilian of Austria, von Hoorn was able to move into Liège on November 7, 1484. In the following year Johann von Hoorn and his brothers lured Wilhelm von der Mark into an ambush and had him executed on June 18, 1485 in Maastricht . Thereupon the von der Marks brothers allied themselves with the French king Charles VIII against von Hoorn and Maximilian of Austria. The fighting, which nearly ruined the diocese, continued for another four years. In 1492 the conflicting parties finally came to an agreement. Hoorn publicly apologized for the execution of the Marks. Everard von der Mark, nephew of Wilhelm von der Mark, married Margareta von Hoorn, niece of the bishop. Charles VIII of France and Maximilian of Austria, meanwhile Roman-German king, promised to respect the neutrality of the Liège diocese.

Whether Johann ever received the episcopal ordination is controversial. Johann, with a choleric temperament, was more of a warrior than a clergyman. He took care of the reconstruction of the bishopric, the spiritual renewal took place only to a limited extent. In the last years of his life, Johann von Hoorn suffered from epilepsy and mental decline. In February 1505 he suffered a stroke. He died on December 18, 1505 in Maastricht and was buried in the Franciscan church in neighboring Lichtenberg.

literature

predecessor Office successor
Louis of Bourbon Bishop of Liège
1483–1505 		Erhard von der Mark
personal data
SURNAME Hoorn, Johann von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hornes, Jean de; Horne, Jan van
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Liege
DATE OF BIRTH 1458
PLACE OF BIRTH Weert
DATE OF DEATH December 18, 1505
Place of death Maastricht