José Mariano Felipe Gálvez

José Mariano Felipe Gálvez

José Mariano Felipe Gálvez (born August 29, 1790 and May 26, 1794 in Guatemala City , † March 29, 1862 in Mexico City ) was Jefe Supremo of the Guatemala Province in Central America from August 28, 1831 to March 3, 1838 Confederation .

Life

Gálvez was found as a newborn in a basket in front of the house of the priest Toribio Carvajal, who brought him to the house of Gertrudis de Gálvez, one of the richest families, where he was adopted and given his education. His date of birth is narrowed down between August 29, 1790 and May 26, 1794. He made his first studies at the Colegio San José de los Infantes and received his doctorate in law on December 16, 1819. The family in which he grew up was related to Juan Nepomuceno Barrundia Cepeda, the party leader of the Fiebres , as the Partido Liberal called itself at the time . Gálvez was a member of the Fiebres . In Gabino Gaínza's reign from September 15, 1821 to June 23, 1822 he was his personal advisor and, like him, was an advocate of the annexation of the Central American provinces by Mexico. In the first parliament of the Central American Confederation on February 6, 1825 he was a member of parliament and president of parliament.

In August 1831, the Cabildos de Españoles elected Gálvez to the Jefe Supremo of the Province of Guatemala.

During his tenure, liberal reforms were carried out and based on the ideals of the French Revolution . A criminal law according to the Código Penal de Livingston was introduced and served in monasteries which had been secularized into model prisons from 1830 onwards . In colonial Guatemala, judgments were decided by the Real Audiencia , the new sovereign introduced a judicial system with judges. He also introduced a poll tax.

cabinet

His deputy was Simon Vasconcelo in the first term His advisor was Juan Antonio Martinez in the first term In the second term his deputy was Pedro J. Valenzuela, in 1836 his advisor was Mariano Sanchez de Leon, from July 1838 his advisor was Mariano Rivera Paz .

The secular province of Guatemala

The Catholic Church has been forced out of the civil duties of registration, education and justice, which is known as the separation of church and state. The civil registration system was placed alongside the baptismal register and the Catholic marriage and divorce. Letters were read and corrected, church property was secularized. Archbishop Ramón Casaus y Torres was expelled. In July 1832 the Diezmo , a church tax, was abolished. The church accounts show that Mariano Gálvez was a loyal church taxpayer and that this ceased to be when he assumed the office of Supremo Jefe . The provincial parliament passed a bill on February 27, 1834, according to which nuns were allowed to leave the monasteries and take their dowries, which they brought in. A number of Catholic holidays have been abolished.

Foreign policy

He signed the declaration of independence of September 15, 1821. On August 6, 1834, he signed a contract with a British private citizen to build a road through Izabal, las Verapaces, Peten from Guatemala City to Belize in 20 years, for which he left Belize to Great Britain.

Education

In 1829 a law of the Central American Confederation revoked the legal person of religious orders and in 1830 the formation of convents was forbidden. The Catholic Church was also forced out of its functions in education. When the Catholic educational institutions were closed, no exception was made in front of an educational institution which one of his daughters attended.

In 1835 he led Antonio Rivera Cabezas , he introduced the concept of the Lancaster school . The chairman students were given the designation "monitors". During his tenure in the racist Guatemala scholarships with the name Becas de Guadalupe were also awarded to indigenous people. He decreed the establishment of a mining school and a home economics school. The Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala received the archives of the Convento de Santo Domingo in 1830 . Between September 16, 1832 and March 6, 1840, the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala was replaced by the Academia de Estudios . During his tenure, the Museo Nacional was founded.

cholera

Cholera had already been reported from Europe and Mexico and was rampant in Guatemala during Mariano Galvez's reign in 1837. It was decreed that corpses must be buried within six hours and that quarantine is within provincial borders. Chemicals have been added to the water to make it safe to drink. His political opponents made him responsible for the conditions under which cholera could spread. They rushed it would poison the rivers. When Mariano Gálvez turned against the Partido Liberal , Barrundia founded a newspaper, which was devoted to the decomposition of Galvez.

The riot

On the Mataquescuintla river in the mountains of the Santa Rosa department , José Rafael Carrera Turcios waged a guerrilla war with indigenous people against the fever . Mariano Gálvez saved money with the military and offered the prisoners of the model prisons, if there were no robbers or murderers, to join his militia. On February 1, 1838, Rafael Carrera had Guatemala City occupied by 10,000 indigenous people. The deputy of the Jefe Supremo of the Central American Confederation, José Gregorio Salazar Lara fled with his family to the house of a friend, Doctor Quirino Flores, the brother of Cirilo Flores , and was killed there. Mariano Gálvez fled. Carrera later pushed through that Mariano Rivera Paz was appointed the new Jefe Supremo by the Partido Conservador . Before he died in exile in Mexico City, Gálvez stated that the fatherland would not own what was left of him, the fatherland did not comply and in 1925 transferred his ashes from the Cementerio de San Fernando to the Antigua Escuela de Derecho in Guatemala City.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Entry on Archbishop Francisco Ramón Valentín de Casaus y Torres, OP on catholic-hierarchy.org
2. ↑ Hubert Howe Bancroft, HISTORY OF CENTRAL AMERICA | content | p.79-107
3. ↑ JUAN CARLOS SARAZÚA PÉREZ, “Territorialidad, comercio y conflicto al Este de Guatemala: Santa Rosa, 1750-1871” (PDF; 3.8 MB)

predecessor	Office	successor
Gregorio Marquez	Head of State of the Province of Guatemala August 28, 1831 - March 3, 1838	Pedro José Valenzuela Jáuregui