Joseph Brant

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Thayendanegea, called Joseph Brant ( portrait by Gilbert Stuart , 1786)
Joseph Brant Signature.svg

Joseph Brant (also Brandt or Brand ; * March 1742 as Thayendanegea on the Cuyahoga River , Ohio Country ; † August 24, 1807 in the Indian reservation on the Grand River , Upper Canada ) was a leader of the Mohawk during the American Revolutionary War .

Life

Brant was born in 1742 as the son of a Mohawk chief on the banks of the Cuyahoga River and was given the name Thayendanegea (in German about: "Make two bets", "Bet on two sides"). As a youth he became an interpreter for the Anglican missionary John Stuart, with whom he translated the Gospel of Mark into the language of the Mohawk . His sister Molly married General William Johnson , the British superintendent of Indian affairs with whom Brant had fought in the French and Indian Wars.

During the struggle for American independence, he led the remaining four of the Six Nations that supported the British and became a captain in the British Army . He was defeated by General John Sullivan in 1779 . After the war, he was unable to obtain land guarantees for the Indians from the newly created American government. Instead, the British gave him land for a Mohawk reservation on the Grand River in Ontario ( see Six Nations of the Grand River ). He worked as a missionary with the other Indians, built the first Anglican Church in Ontario and translated the Anglican Catechism and the Gospel of Mark into the language of the Mohawk. He died in reserve, in what is now Ontario ( Canada ).

The town of Brantford is partially on and named after his land, and the town of Burlington, Ontario was chartered to him.

Freemasons

Joseph Brant was inducted as a Freemason at the Cliftonian Lodge in London in April 1776 . He received his Masonic apron from King George III.

literature

  • Rudolf Oeser: The 200th anniversary of Joseph Brant's death . In: Amerindian Research , Issue 6, 2007
  • Rudolf Oeser: 500 Indian biographies from North America . Books on Demand , 2005
  • Colin G. Calloway: The American Revolution in Indian Country . Cambridge University Press, 1995
  • Frederick Dockstader: Great North American Indians . New York 1977
  • R. David Edmunds: American Indian Leaders ; University of Nebraska Press, 1980
  • Frederick W. Hodge: Handbook of American Indians . Washington DC 1907-1910
  • Frederick E. Hoxie: Encyclopedia of North American Indians . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York 1996, ISBN 978-0-395-66921-1 (English).
  • J. Norman Heard: Handbook of the American Frontier . tape II . Scarecrow Press, New York 1990, ISBN 978-0-8108-4421-6 (English).
  • Wu Ming: Manituana . Association A, 2018, ISBN 978-3-86241-465-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ R. Minder: Freemason Politician Lexicon: from Salvador Allende to Saad Zaghlul Pascha. Studies Verlag, May 5, 2004, ISBN 978-3-7065-1909-0 .

Web links

Commons : Joseph Brant  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files