Juan Fernández de Heredia
Juan Fernández de Heredia (* around 1310 in Munébrega , Kingdom of Aragón ; † 1396 ) was a scribe, humanist, diplomat and from 1376 until his death (1396) the 32nd Grand Master of the Order of St. John in Rhodes .
Before he was elected Grand Master, he was Castellan of Amposta , Grand Prior of St. Gilles from 1349 to 1376 and Prior of Castile and León .
He served several times as a diplomat for King Peter IV of Aragon and Pope Innocent VI. in action. In 1373 he presided over the negotiations with Grand Master Raymond Berenger and Pope Gregory XI.
Around 1380 he commissioned a translation of Plutarch's biographies for his Grant Crónica de Espanya and Grant crónica de los conquiridores . In Rhodes, the Plutarchvites were translated into modern Greek , and then into Aragonese .
This time was marked by the occidental schism , in which there were two elected popes ( Urban VI. And Clement VII. ) At the same time . Urban VI. is considered the legitimate Pope and stayed in Rome while the first antipope Clement VII resided in Avignon .
France , Scotland , Castile , Aragon , Denmark , Navarre , Norway , Portugal , Savoy, and a small number of German states recognized Clement VII; most of England and Germany , Ireland , Flanders, and Italy (except Naples ) recognized Urban VI. on.
The grand master Juan Fernández de Heredia decided in favor of Clement VII and thus against Urban VI.
Urban VI. 1383 put Heredia down as grand master and Riccardo Caracciolo as grand master.
This action by the Pope was neither accepted nor recognized by the Knights of the Order of St. John in Rhodes, who apparently were determined, unaffected by the schism, to enforce their sovereignty by maintaining their allegiance to Heredia.
The schism also found its way into the order and divided it. The knights of the order in England recognized Urban VI. as Pope and ignored Heredia. This limited both Heredias and Caracciolos' power and influence.
literature
- Pierre d'Avity , Johann Ludwig Gottfried : Archontologiae Cosmicae Buch III, Frankfurt am Main 1628, p. 38 f. (here online) .
- Karl Herquet : Juan Ferrandez de Heredia - Grand Master of the Order of St. John (1377-1396) , Mühlhausen i. Th. 1878
Web links
- Juan Fernandez de Heredia at cilialacorte.com
- Jean Fernandez de Heredia at smom-za.org
- The 79 grandmasters at orderofmalta.org
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alberto Montaner: "La problemática del número de elementos en las armerías medievales: diseño frente a representación" , Miguel Metelo de Seixas and Maria de Lurdes Rosa (coord.), Estudos de Heráldica Medieval , Lisboa, Instituto de Estudos Medievais; Centro Lusíada de Estudos Genealógicos e Heráldicos, 2012, pp. 125-142; cfr. pp. 131-134. ISBN 978-989-97066-5-1
- ↑ Kenneth M. Setton: The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 , Philadelphia 1976, p. 230.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Robert de Juliac |
Grand Master of the Order of St. John 1376–1396 |
Philibert de Naillac |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Juan Fernández de Heredia |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Grand Master of the Order of St. John |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1310 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Munébrega , Spain |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1396 |