Jugories
The region in the West Siberian lowlands behind the Urals mountain range in Russia was referred to in older Russian sources as Jugorien ( Russian Югория, Jugoria ; also Югра, Jugra ) in older Russian sources (especially chronicles from Novgorod ) . In a narrower sense, the term referred to the settlement area of the Chanten and Mansi on the lower reaches of the Obs .
etymology
The term "Ugra" was first used in the 11th or 12th century as a collective term for chanting, mans and some smaller peoples. It probably comes from the language of the Komi , who called their neighboring peoples in the east "jegra" . The root of the word is evidently related to “Ugra” , the name of a ethnic group ( Ugrer ) to which the Hungarians also belong in addition to the Khanty and Mansi .
Related toponyms
The names of the Jugorstrasse , which separates the island of Waigatsch from the mainland, can be traced back to the same root word and the name of the region ; as well as the Jugor peninsula , which forms the Waigatsch opposite bank there.
history
Under its old name, the area was tributary to the wealthy northern Russian trading city of Novgorod for a long time . Due to economic activity, it came under Russian control and was eventually opened up slowly after the subjugation of the Sibir Khanate . The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and parts of the Tyumen Oblast and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are located in the historical area of the Jugorien Region . Some settlement areas of the Khanty people - for example on the banks of the Kasym and its tributaries - are now polluted by the consequences of oil and natural gas extraction and can therefore no longer be used in the traditional way.
literature
- Soja Sokolowa: The Land of Jugorien . Verlag Progress Moscow and FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig 1982 (original Зоя П. Соколоа: Страна Югория , Издательство Мысль, Москва 1976)