Juhan Kukk

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Juhan (Johann) Kukk (* 1 April . Jul / 13. April  1885 greg. In the village Käru, today community Rakke , Lääne-Viru County , † 4. December 1942 in the Soviet Union ) was an Estonian politician and economist. From 1922 to 1923 he was head of state of the Republic of Estonia .

education

Juhan Kukk graduated from school in Dorpat and studied from 1901 to 1910 in the trade department at the Riga Polytechnic (today: Riga University of Technology ) and in Germany in 1908 . From 1910 he began his business career as a consultant at the loan and savings bank in Dorpat and as a publicist for business newspapers. During the First World War he was a member of the Estonian Food Committee.

politic and economy

In 1917/18 Juhan Kukk became head of the finance department of the Estonian provincial government ( Maavalitsus ) and campaigned for Estonia to break away from Russia . He is considered to be one of the authors of the Estonian Self-Employment Manifesto, the founding charter of the Republic of Estonia, which was read in Pärnu on February 23, 1918 and in Tallinn the following day .

From 1918 to 1920 he was finance minister of the newly founded Republic of Estonia , 1920/21 trade and industry minister, 1921/22 parliamentary president and from 1922 to 1924 president of the Estonian central bank ( Eesti Pank ). With his financial reforms he laid the foundations for an independent Estonian currency .

From 1920 to 1926 he was a member of the Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ). From November 21, 1922 to August 2, 1923 he was Elder of State ( Riigivanem ) and thus head of state of the Republic of Estonia. Until the occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union, he was also a member of the supervisory boards of numerous Estonian companies, from 1933 to 1940 director of Kreenbalt AS and from 1937 to 1940 a member of the supervisory board of the Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry .

Deportation and death

With the occupation of Estonia by the Soviet Union, Juhan Kukk was arrested and deported in 1940 . The exact circumstances of his death are still unclear. He probably died in captivity in December 1945. Other sources mention December 4, 1942 and the Kargopol prison camp near Arkhangelsk .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry in the baptismal register of the parish of St. Simonis (Estonian: Simuna kogudus)
personal data
SURNAME Kukk, Juhan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kukk, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Estonian economic expert and politician, head of state of the Republic of Estonia (1922–1923)
DATE OF BIRTH April 13, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Käru, Rakke Municipality , Estonia
DATE OF DEATH December 4, 1942
Place of death Soviet Union