Julius Rosenbaum (painter)

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Julius Rosenbaum (born July 9, 1879 in Neuchâtel , West Prussia , † August 24, 1956 in The Hague ) was a German painter and graphic artist. He became known in the Weimar Republic as a cartoonist and author of articles for art magazines and satirical magazines. He wrote for Vorwärts , BZ am Mittag and other Scherl-Verlag publications . As a painter he belongs to the Expressionist style . He was co-founder and director of the Berlin Artists' Union, as well as a member of the Berlin Secession and co-initiator of the jury-free exhibitions . Because of his persecution as a Jew and his escape to England , he was forgotten in Germany in the years after the Second World War .

biography

Family and school

Julius Rosenbaum was born in Neuchâtel in 1879 as the son of the department store owner Simon Rosenbaum and his wife (a native of Stein). He had a brother and four sisters. His sister Cäcilie died in 1930, his sister Rosa in 1940. His brother Max and his two sisters Betty and Johanna were murdered in 1943 in Auschwitz . In 1898 he completed his education at a grammar school in Wroclaw .

Artistic career

From 1900 to 1901 Rosenbaum was a student at the Académie Julian , a private art school in Paris. There he studied a. a. with Henri Matisse . He then continued his studies at the Munich Art Academy . In 1905 he spent some time in Italy and then returned to Breslau. In 1910 he moved to Berlin and studied with Lovis Corinth . Shortly afterwards he founded a “Berlin Artists' Association” with the aim of helping to improve the material and financial conditions of the artistic class. He was one of the initiators of the jury-free exhibitions . From 1914 to 1918 he served in the First World War . From 1918 to 1933 Rosenbaum was a freelance painter and graphic artist in Berlin.

Berlin years after the First World War

From 1918 to 1933 Rosenbaum worked as a freelance painter and graphic artist in Berlin. He was a member of the Berlin Secession and regularly took part in their exhibitions. As an illustrator and caricaturist, he was the author of articles for newspapers and magazines of the Scherl-Verlag, such as B. The real Jacob , forward , clothing manufacturer , BZ at noon , joke or workshop of art . With his contributions to the Werkstatt der Kunst , he campaigned, especially in the misery years after 1918, for the organizational amalgamation of visual artists in Germany in order to counteract the impoverishment of the artistic class. As a cartoonist and satirist, he mainly wrote against the emerging Nazi dictatorship. In 1930 he married the painter Adele Reifenberg .

Berlin years after the National Socialists came to power

After January 30, 1933, Rosenbaum was excluded from the Berliner Künstlerbund and was banned from working and exhibiting. His works in the Jewish Museum , which opened in Berlin on January 24, 1933, were lost when it was closed by the Gestapo on November 10, 1938 . Other plants were destroyed for fear of the Gestapo raids. In 1933 Julius Rosenbaum founded the Jewish Artists Aid in Berlin with the support of the Jewish community. From 1933 to 1934 he completed retraining as a vocational school teacher. From 1934 to 1939 he trained male young people in various trades in order to prepare them for their imminent emigration. He also organized artist meetings in preparation for their emigration. Until 1938 Rosenbaum was often painting in Malcesine on Lake Garda .

Emigration to Great Britain

In 1939 Julius and Adele Rosenbaum emigrated to London with a transit visa that was valid for six months . Her original plans to emigrate to the United States were thwarted by the outbreak of World War II. Thus, in 1939 Rosenbaum was in London without a work permit. In 1940 he was interned on the Isle of Man and released the same year for health reasons. He then worked as a mechanic, craftsman and factory worker mainly for the war industry. After an illness in 1941, he restored porcelain and ivory items for art dealers at home. From 1941 he took part with his wife in exhibitions at the Ben Uri Art Gallery in London and became a member of the Ben Uri Art Society. There he also had his first solo exhibition. From 1942 he gave private art lessons. In 1948 he and his wife co-founded a private school in Belsize Park in London. In 1953 and 1956 he repeatedly visited friends in France and the Netherlands. Julius Rosenbaum died on one of these trips on August 24, 1956 in The Hague.

Works (selection)

  • 1904: "Boy with Hat", etching, 37 × 30 cm, Ben Uri Gallery & Museum London
  • 1905: “Florence”, oil on canvas, 30.5 × 36 cm, Ben Uri Gallery & Museum London
  • 1910: "Bridge", etching, 28 × 19.5 cm
  • 1911: “Matchstick Seller”, oil on canvas
  • 1912: "Lady in Blue", oil on canvas
  • 1917: "Ruins", watercolor; 57.7 x 43.8 mm
  • 1918: “The ninth war loan”, ink watercolors, illustration, 95 × 62 cm
  • 1920: "Factory Landscape"; Etching, 24.8 × 22 cm
  • 1922: "Station" (Berlin, Schlesischer Bahnhof), oil on canvas, 64.6 × 90.4 cm
  • 1923: "Rollwerk bei Stettin", oil on canvas, 60 × 50 cm
  • 1931: "Stettiner Hafen", oil on canvas, 72.3 × 96.1 cm
  • 1932: "Gasometer" (Berlin, Schöneberg), oil on canvas, 57.8 × 71.2 cm
  • 1934: "The Scout Mose", oil on canvas
  • 1936: “Harbor”, oil on canvas, 65 × 69 cm, Ben Uri Gallery & Museum London
  • 1937: "Moses knocks water out of the rock", oil on canvas
  • 1945: “Night in Paris”, oil on plywood, 25.5 × 34 cm
  • 1945: “Charlotte”, oil on canvas, 80 × 52 cm, Ben Uri Gallery & Museum London
  • 1959: "Spring Garden", oil on canvas, 50 × 39.5 cm

Exhibitions (selection)

  • 1920: Large art exhibition in the Glaspalast in Berlin - collective exhibition
  • 1921: City Hall Berlin Schöneberg - collective exhibition
  • 1922: Berlin Secession - collective exhibition
  • 1924: Galerie Eduard Schulte Berlin - collective exhibition
  • 1941: Ben Uri Art Gallery London - solo exhibition.
  • 1948: Royal Academy Exhibition London - collective exhibition
  • 1951: Ben Uri Art Gallery London - collective exhibition
  • 1957: Ben Uri Art Gallery London - Memorial Exhibition Julius Rosenbaum & Adele Reifenberg - solo exhibition

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Julius Rosenbaum. In: objekte.jmberlin.de. Jewish Museum Berlin, accessed on May 11, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Rosenbaum, Julius . In: Herbert A. Strauss , Werner Röder (eds.): Biographical manual of German-speaking emigration after 1933–1945, Volume 2: The Arts, Sciences, and Literature . De Gruyter Saur, Berlin / Boston 1983, ISBN 978-3-11-097027-2 , pp. 981–982 ( digitized from Google Books ).
  3. ↑ Der Kunstwanderer - Issue 1 1919/1920, page 383
  4. ↑ Der Kunstwanderer - Volume 2 1920/1921, page 323
  5. ↑ Der Kunstwanderer - Issue 3/4 1921/1922, page 423
  6. ↑ Der Kunstwanderer - Heft 5/6 1923/1924, page 196
  7. ↑ Exhibition trailer at the “Gasometer” plant
  8. ^ Exhibition catalog of the Ben Uri Art Gallery London from 1951, nos. 85 and 86
  9. ^ Report in AJR April 1957, page 11
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personal data
SURNAME Rosenbaum, Julius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH July 9, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Neuchâtel , West Prussia
DATE OF DEATH August 24, 1956
Place of death The hague