Kalhor (tribe)
The Kalhor are a large Kurdish or Lurian tribe from Iran .
The focus of their settlement areas is the province of Kermanshah . There are also Kalhor in the province of Ilam , near Saqqez , Sanandaj and the Iraqi Jamjamāl . The Kalhor speak the southern Kurdish dialect Kelhuri , which is named after them. The majority of the Kalhor are Shiites , while a small number are followers of the Ahl-e Haqq .
In 1849 the tribe consisted of 11,500 families and in 1932 there were still 10,000 families. Other details about the size of the tribe differ greatly, for example George N. Curzon put the number of families at 300 in 1889.
As a nomadic tribe, the Kalhor had their winter quarters at Qasr-e Shirin , Kerend, Dira, Gilān and Sumār. Their summer quarters were with Hārunābād and Mahidašt.
history
The Kalhor appear in the history book Scherefname from the 16th century. There they form the Kurdish people together with the Kurmanj, Lurs and Gorani . The Kalhor played an important role in their region at the time of the Safavids and the later Zand princes . They support Karim Khan in the siege of the city of Kermanshah in 1752. When Karim Khan became the new ruler of Iran, the Kalhor, unlike other tribes, did not go to Shiraz with Karim Khan . They stayed in their area and acted as outposts against the Ottomans .
Under Dawud Khan, the Kalhor ruled the area between Kermanshah and the Persian-Ottoman border at the beginning of the 20th century. After Dawud Khan's death in 1912, Kalhor power gradually declined. In the middle of the 20th century most of the Kalhor became sedentary due to the politics of the Iranian Shah Reza Pahlavi and the internal cohesion of the tribe weakened. Since then, they have been officially called Bāvandpur .
source
- Kalhor (tribe) . In: Ehsan Yarshater (Ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica (English, including references)
Individual evidence
- ^ Oskar von Niedermayer, Under the Scorching Sun: Iran war experiences of the German expedition to Persia and Afghanistan, Dachau, 1925; tr. Keykāvus Jahāndāri, as Zir-e āftāb-e suzān-e Irān, Tehran, 1984, pp. 75-76, 96-114.
- ↑ اعتصامالملک ، سفرنامهٔ میرزا خانلرخان ، به کوشش منوچهر محمودی ، ۱۳۵۱
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↑ دوبد ، بارون ، سفرنامهٔ لرستان و خوزستان ، ترجمهٔ محمدحسین آریا ، ۱۳۷۱
- سعیدیان ، عبدالح
- ↑ راولینسون ، هنری ، سفرنامهٔ راولینسون ، گذر از ذهاب به خوزستان ، ترجمهٔ سکندر اماناللهی ، ۱۳۶۲
- ^ William J. Frawley, William Frawley, International Encyclopedia of Linguistics & 4-Volume Set, Volume 1, Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 9780195139778 , s. 310
- ^ Albrecht Klose, Languages of the World , De Gruyter, 2001, ISBN 9783598114045 , s. 227.