Kalydon (Aetolia)
Kalydon ( Greek Καλυδών , Latin Calydon ) was an ancient Greek city.
The remains of Kalydon are located at the southern foot of the Arakynthos Mountains , above the Euenos bank , in the coastal plain of Aetolia , about two kilometers away from the modern town of Evenochori . The city has been known since Homeric times and is listed in the Iliad as an Aetolian city. Eponymous hero is Kalydon . Kalydon is of greater importance in Greek myths . The legends of Oineus , the king of this city and the city of Pleuron , which the brother of the mythological city founder should have founded, played here. The most famous story about Oineus and the city is that of the Calydonian boar hunt .
Historically, Kalydon was in the 5th century BC. First an independent polis in the Aiolis . Since about 390 century BC The city was until 366 BC. Part of the Achaean Koinon ( Achaiischer Bund ). Thereafter Kalydon became the capital of the Aitolian League . With the conquest of the Greek motherland by the Roman Empire , Kalydon also became part of the Achaea province . During the reign of the emperor Augustus , the territory of the city fell to Patrai . In the course of this, the cult images from Kalydon were also transferred to Patrai. Sunk into insignificance, the village became more and more deserted, and Roman veterans settled in the area . The city was known for the thick oak trees in the area.
The most striking ancient legacy today is the approximately four kilometer long city wall from the 4th century BC. BC, which includes the double-pointed settlement hill. Remnants from the Mycenaean period were found on the northern tip of the settlement . Excavations are carried out by the Danske Institute in Athens . So far, the main local shrine, which was dedicated to Artemis Laphria , Apollon Laphrios and Dionysus , in front of the western gate and a heroon have been excavated. The sanctuary consisted of temples from the end of the 7th century BC. BC, from the beginning of the 6th century BC. And the first half of the 4th century BC Chr .; the heroon is in the 1st century BC. Dated.
literature
- William Martin Leake : Travels in Northern Greece. Vol. 3, 1835, 534ff.
- William John Woodhouse: Aetolia. 1897, 91ff.
- Ejnar Dyggve , Frederik Poulsen , Konstantinos Rhomaios : The Heroon by Kalydon Levin og Munskgaard, Copenhagen 1934.
- Ejnar Dyggve, Frederik Poulsen: The Laphrion, the temple district of Kalydon Volume 1 (= Arkæologisk-kunsthistoriske skrifter , Vol. 2.) Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskab (i kommission hos E. Munksgaard), Copenhagen 1948.
- Ejnar Dyggve: A Second Heroon at Calydon in: George E. Mylonas (Ed.): Studies Presented to David M. Robinson Vol. 1, St. Louis 1951, pp. 360-364.
- Licia Vlad Borelli: Kalydon, Greece . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
- Daniel Strauch: Kalydon 3. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 6, Metzler, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-476-01476-2 , Col. 212.
- Søren Dietz, Maria Stavropoulou-Gatsi (Eds.): Kalydon in Aitolia I: Reports and Studies. Danish / Greek Field Work 2001-2005 & Kalydon in Aitolia II: Catalogs. Danish / Greek Field Work 2001-2005 . (= Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens Vol. 12), Aarhus University Press, Aarhus 2011 ( ISBN 978877288628-2 ).
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ J. Fossey, J. Morin, G. Reger, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies: Places: 540699 (Calydon) . Pleiades. Retrieved January 18, 2012.
- ↑ Homer: Iliad 2, 640; 13, 217; 14, 116.
Coordinates: 38 ° 22 ' N , 21 ° 32' E