Carbolic mushroom
| Carbolic mushroom | ||||||||||||
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Carbolic mushroom ( Agaricus xanthodermus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Agaricus xanthodermus | ||||||||||||
| Genev. s. l. |
The carbolic mushroom ( Agaricus xanthodermus ), also called poison Egerling or carbolic Egerling , is a poisonous type of mushroom from the mushroom relatives family , which looks very similar to edible mushrooms . It is also found in the same area as the meadow mushroom , but has an unpleasant smell of phenol (outdated: "carbol"). The name Ink Egerling comes from the similar smelling iron gall ink .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat reaches a diameter of 5 to 14 centimeters and is white to whitish in color; in the middle there may be a brownish tinted zone. Jung's hat is often flattened in the middle, so that it appears almost trapezoidal in cross-section ("square-headed" on the side, similar to the sheep-Egerling). The surface is normally unglazed and can tear in a radial direction when dry; however, there are also gray or brown scaled specimens. The crowded lamellae are tinted flesh-colored or pink when young. In old age, the maturing spores make them increasingly brown, and finally chocolate brown. The flesh is white and turns chrome yellow when touched, especially in the base of the stem .
Microscopic features
The spores are elliptical and have a size of 5.5-6.5 × 3.5-4.5 micrometers. The cheilocystids are shaped like a stalk or head.
Species delimitation
It is particularly difficult to distinguish it from sheep mushrooms (also called white anise mushrooms ), which also have yellowing flesh. In addition, the typical carbolic smell of the carbolic mushroom can only be weak. This odor develops especially when the slats or the base of the handle are rubbed. Furthermore, the yellowing of the sheep mushroom is approximately equally pronounced on the entire fruiting body and not more pronounced in the base of the stem, as is the case with the carbolic mushroom. The carbolic mushroom differs from other edible mushrooms such as the meadow mushroom or the city mushroom , which have reddening flesh, in that the meat turns yellow. The demarcation is not always possible with the help of the yellow-tinted gate, and the phenol odor cannot be perceived in the raw state. When cooked, the mushroom turns an intense yellow and gives off an intense phenol odor.
Ecology and phenology
The carbolic mushroom grows in forests, on meadows, in parks and gardens. It is common and can be found from May to October.
toxicology
The carbolic mushroom is slightly poisonous. Poisoning leads to violent vomiting and diarrhea, in severe cases also to dizziness and visual disturbances. In places where the fungus is common, for example in the Rhine Valley, poisoning with the carbolic mushroom is the most common cause of mushroom poisoning. Phenol as well as diazo and hydrazine compounds (e.g. agaricon , xanthodermine , hydroxy-benzene-diazonium ion) have been found to be poisons . Some people can even eat the mushroom without experiencing any symptoms of poisoning.
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 . P. 211
- René Flammer, Egon Horak: Poison mushrooms - mushroom poisons. Mushroom poisoning . Schwabe Verlag Basel, ISBN 3-7965-2008-1 .
- A. Bresinsky: Toxic Mushrooms, With an Introduction to Fungus Identification: A Handbook for Pharmacists, Doctors, and Biologists . Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd, ISBN 978-3804706804 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Toxinfo.org: Entry on Karbol mushroom (Agaricus xanthoderma)
