City mushroom
| City mushroom | ||||||||||||
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City mushroom ( Agaricus bitorquis ) |
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| Agaricus bitorquis | ||||||||||||
| ( Quél. ) Sacc. |
The city mushroom ( Agaricus bitorquis ), also called city or Scheiden Egerling , is a type of mushroom from the family of mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae). The very hard meat and the double handle ring that can be pulled off at the bottom are typical. While the hat may yellow slightly, the short, stocky stem shows no such discoloration even when rubbed. The meat turns brownish red on contact with atmospheric oxygen, especially in the hat. The agaric fungus mainly colonizes roadsides and roadsides. There, the fruiting bodies are able to pry paving stones out of the ground and even break through asphalt.
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word torques (choker) and refers to the double ring.
features
Macroscopic features
The fruiting body of the city mushroom is about 6–9 cm high and 4–12 cm wide. The hat is almost hemispherical when young, later cushion-shaped and then flattened out uneven. The hat skin is white and smooth when young, gray-white with age and sometimes tears open in the center. Often the surface is covered with debris and turns yellow. The edge of the hat is bent down for a long time, rolled up, protrudes over the lamellas and is sometimes hung with remains of velum . The free-standing lamellae are pale flesh-colored in young specimens, later lilac-gray and, when old, purple-black with white flaky edges. The spore powder is colored dark brown. The cylindrical, sometimes somewhat pointed handle is short and stocky, it is about 4–7 cm long and 1.5–2 cm thick and is whitish in color, it does not yellow in contrast to the hat. The double ring that can be pulled off at the bottom is characteristic of the city mushroom . The rather hard meat is white and turns brownish red when cut. It smells pleasantly sour to almond-like and tastes mild and nutty.
Microscopic features
The elliptical spores are 5–6.5 micrometers long and 4–5 µm wide, cheilocystidia are present but normal.
Ecology and phenology
The city mushroom is a saprobiontic soil dweller that fructifies mainly on roadsides and paths or on sidewalks, in vegetation-free or slightly grassy areas in gardens, cemeteries and parks, and more rarely along forest paths . It grows under different deciduous trees or in the blazing sun on soils that are barely to very nutrient-rich, which can be weakly acidic to alkaline and dry to fresh. The fungus is able to break through gravel and even asphalt surfaces.
In Central Europe, the fruiting bodies appear evenly from spring to autumn.
distribution
The occurrence of the city mushroom extends from South and North America through Asia to Europe. In Europe the species is distributed from the Mediterranean region via France, the Netherlands, in Central Europe to Poland, Estonia and the Ukraine. The city mushroom is scattered or locally poorly distributed in Germany.
meaning
The city mushroom is edible, but fruit bodies are not suitable for consumption on busy streets or in places frequented by dogs because of the pollution or the risk of parasite ingestion.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, 3rd edition ISBN 3-937872-16-7 .
swell
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 3. Edition. BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-405-14737-2 (639 pages; one-volume new edition of the BLV intensive guide mushrooms 1 and 2).
- German Josef Krieglsteiner , Andreas Gminder (Hrsg.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 5: Mushrooms. Agarics III. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8001-3572-1 .
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 4: Agarics. Part 2: Entolomataceae, Pluteaceae, Amanitaceae, Agaricaceae, Coprinaceae, Bolbitiaceae, Strophariaceae. Mykologia, Luzern 1995, ISBN 3-85604-040-4 .
