Casimir II (Poland)

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Casimir the Righteous ( Polish Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy , Latin Kazimirus ; * 1138 ; † May 5, 1194 in Cracow ) was Duke of Lesser Poland in Wiślica from 1166 to 1173, from 1173 Duke of Lesser Poland in Sandomir , from 1177, as Casimir II , Duke of Lesser Poland in Krakow and thereby Senior Duke of Poland , and from 1186 also Duke in Mazovia and Kujawy . He came from the Piast dynasty .

Life

Casimir was the fifth and youngest son of Duke Bolesław III. Schiefmund and his second wife Salome von Berg . He was born in 1138, the year his father died. In his father's will no partial duchy was provided for him; only after the death of his fourth brother, Heinrich von Sandomir , did he get the tiny principality of Wiślica in Lesser Poland from his brother, the senior duke Bolesław IV . After the expulsion of his older brother Mieszko III. he was appointed to the Cracow senior throne in 1177 by the Lesser Poland magnates . In order to consolidate his position of power, he took the oath of homage to the emperor in 1184. In 1186 Casimir succeeded in increasing his domestic power by acquiring Mazovia and Kuyavian. Mieszko III fell through a coup. him from the throne in 1191. However, this was soon chased away again by Kasimir, who received help from the Kievan Rus . In 1193 Casimir undertook a crusade against the pagan Yadwingers . After a year he returned to Krakow and died unexpectedly on May 5, 1194 during a feast.

Casimir II was married to the Ruthenian princess Helena and had two sons by her:

He was the progenitor of the Lesser Poland and the Kujavian-Masovian and thus the youngest line of the Piasts, from which the future Polish king Władysław I. Ellenlang descended in a direct male line.

He is credited with inventing and reforming the Polish language ; Polish today is largely due to him. He is also said to have spoken Old Russian , Old High German , Old Lithuanian and Sorbian .

literature

  • Stary Matus (pseud.): Dzieje Narodu Polskiego , Warszawa 1905
predecessor Office successor
Mieszko III. the old Senior Duke of Poland
1177–1194 		Leszek I the White
personal data
SURNAME Casimir II
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy (Polish); Casimir the Just
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Poland (1177-1194)
DATE OF BIRTH 1138
DATE OF DEATH May 5, 1194
Place of death Krakow