Chestnut-back wren

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Chestnut-back wren
Plain-tailedwren1.jpg

Chestnut-backed wren ( Pheugopedius euophrys )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Pheugopedius
Type : Chestnut-back wren
Scientific name
Pheugopedius euophrys
( Sclater, PL , 1860)

The chestnut back Wren ( Pheugopedius euophrys ) or Fraser Wren is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) in Colombia , Ecuador and Peru is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The chestnut-back wren reaches a body length of approx. 16.0 to 16.5 cm with a weight of approx. 26.0 to 32.0 g. It has a gray and white eye stripe and a matt black eye stripe. The top of the head is brownish gray, the neck light brown, which merges into the chestnut color in the middle back area and the rump . The shoulders and upper wing-coverts are maroon. The hidden inside flags of the hand and arm wings are blackish brown, the outside flags are reddish brown. The control springs are red-brown throughout. The throat is matt whitish with a black line on the cheek. The upper breast is speckled gray and matt black, the lower breast is gray-brown without markings. The flanks, the lower abdomen and the thigh area are warm brown. The iris is light brown to chestnut brown, the upper beak dark gray to black, the lower beak bluish gray. The legs are bluish gray to gray-brown. Both sexes are similar. Young animals have an olive-gray tinted skull, the throat is reddish without black spots or gray tint. The underside is matt white.

Behavior and nutrition

Little is known about the diet of the chestnut-back wren. It prefers to feed on invertebrates such as beetles and caterpillars . It looks for food in the relatively low strata , usually less than 1.5 meters above the ground. He is out and about in pairs or in groups that presumably belong to the family. Sometimes it mixes with groups of other species. It picks insects from the underside of the leaves.

Vocalizations

The Chestnut-Back Wren's song is a loud, persistent series of different phrases made of gurgling, gurgling whistles that he repeats many times. These are regularly given antiphonically by both sexes. To establish contact, he utters loud choo-chip, choo-chip-chip sounds, which are rather unusual for wrens. He also gives a gasping tswi .

Reproduction

The breeding season of the chestnut-back wren is either lengthy or varies a lot locally. In Ecuador, juveniles were observed in the northwest in July and in the northeast in November and January. Nestlings were spotted in the southeast in November. The nest has not yet been described in detail, but two discovered in southeast Ecuador had a spherical structure with a side entrance. The largest part was made of bamboo components and placed 2.5 meters above the ground in a bamboo patch. One contained nestlings early in November and the other was under construction in late November. The eggs were not described. One nest contained three chicks.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the chestnut-back wren

The chestnut-back wren prefers dense mountain undergrowth and especially the thickets of bamboo of the genus Chusquea . It moves at altitudes of 1850 to 3500 meters, but mostly over 2000 meters.

migration

It is believed that the chestnut-back wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

There are four known subspecies.

  • Pheugopedius euophrys euophrys ( Sclater, PL , 1860) occurs in southwest Colombia and western Ecuador.
  • Pheugopedius euophrys longipes ( Allen, JA , 1889) is common in eastern central Ecuador. The subspecies has less dark markings on the chest, the underside is more gray, and there is less white on the throat.
  • Pheugopedius euophrys atriceps Chapman , 1924 occurs in northwestern Peru. The subspecies has a blackish top of the head and even fewer speckles on the underside like P. e. longipes .
  • Pheugopedius euophrys schulenbergi ( Parker, TA & O'Neill , 1985) is common in northern Peru. The subspecies differs from P. e. atriceps through the grayer top of the head, the nape of the neck, the stripes above the eyes, the throat and the lower back. The top is light brown and not reddish brown. It is also a little bigger.

The Handbook of the Birds of the World sees the gray-brow wren ( Pheugopedius schulenbergi ) as an independent species.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the chestnut back wren was in 1860 by Philip Lutley Sclater under the scientific name Thryothorus euophrys . The type specimen was collected by Louis Fraser at Lloa . As early as 1851, Jean Louis Cabanis introduced the genus Pheugopedius, which was new to science . This name is derived from "pheugō φευγω " for "avoid, flee" and "pedion, pedon πεδιον, πεδον " for "open land, ground". The species name »euophrys« derives »euophrys, euophryos ευοφρυς, ευοφρυος « for »finely brewed, with fine brows«. It is made up of "eu ευ " for "fine" and "ophrys, ophryos οφρυς, οφρυος " for "eyebrow, brow". "Longipes" is a Latin word formation from "longus" for "long" and "pes, pedis" for "foot", "atriceps" from "ater" for "black" and "-ceps, caput, capitis" for "-headed." , Head". "Schulenbergi" is a dedication to Thomas Scott Schulenberg .

literature

  • Joel Asaph Allen: Descriptions of new species of South American birds with remarks on various other little known species . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 2 , no. 3 , 1889, p. 137-151 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Museum Heineanum Directory of the ornithological collection of the Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine at Gut St. Burchard in front of Halberstatdt. With critical comments and a description of the new species, systematically edited by Dr. Jean Cabanis, first custodian of the Royal Zoological Collection in Berlin and Ferdinand Heine, student philosopher volume 1 . R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1850 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1850–1851).
  • Frank Michler Chapman: Descriptions of new birds from Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia . In: American Museum novitates . No. 138 , 1924, pp. 1–16 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 1.6 MB ]).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson , Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer, Guy Maxwell Kirwan in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Plain-tailed Wren (Pheugopedius euophrys) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Theodore Albert Parker III, John Patton O'Neill in Paul Anthony Buckley, Mercedes Suarez Foster, Eugene Siller Morton, Robert S. Ridgely, Francine G. Buckley: A new species and a new subspecies of Thryothorus wren from Peru in Neotropical Ornithology (Ornithological Monographs No. 36) . University of California Press, Berkeley, California 1985, ISBN 978-0-943610-44-3 , pp. 9–15 , JSTOR : 40168273 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 8.6 MB ]).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: List of additional species of birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador; with notes and descriptions of new species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 28 , 1860, p. 63-73 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Chestnut-backed wren ( Pheugopedius euophrys )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ^ A b Philip Lutley Sclater (1860), p. 74.
  4. ^ Joel Asaph Allen (1889), p. 138.
  5. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman (1924), p. 13.
  6. ^ Theodore Albert Parker III a. a., p. 12.
  7. ^ A b Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 79.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 152.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 230.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 59.
  11. ^ Theodore Albert Parker III a. a., p. 14.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Cabanis categorized the Corayazaunig ( Pheugopedius coraya ) in the new genus.
  2. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. Pp. 80-81.