Cristeşti Castle

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Cristeşti Castle
Alternative name Sangidava (?)
limes Dacian Limes
section Dacia Superior, B / 98
Dating (occupancy) 2nd to 3rd century
Type Alenkastell
unit Ala I Bosporanorum
Vexillatio of the
Legio V Macedonica (?)
State of preservation not localized
place Cristeşti
Geographical location 46 ° 30 '38 "  N , 24 ° 28' 34"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 30 '38 "  N , 24 ° 28' 34"  E
height 294  m
Previous Călugăreni Castle
(A / VII / 33, northeast)
Subsequently Fort Cigmău
(B / 99, southwest)
Fort Sânpaul
(A / VII / 37, west-southwest)
Cristeşti fort in the course of the Dacian Limites

The Cristeşti fort (possibly identical to the Sangidava listed by Claudius Ptolemy ) is a presumed, former Roman auxiliary troop camp in the area of ​​the Cristeşti municipality in the Romanian Mureş district . In ancient times it would have been an inland fort, which administratively would have belonged to the province of Dacia superior or later to the Dacia Apulensis .

Research history

Roman traces in Cristești were first mentioned in 1851 by Ferdinand Neigebaur . It was made clear by Karl Gooss the Younger around 1870 that it was a settlement and a connection to the Roman road, which was still noticeable at the time . Deák Farkas carried out some investigations in 1882, during which a brick with an inscription of the Ala I Bosporanorum was found for the first time , which was the first indication of a military presence at this location. The suspicion was confirmed in 1886 when a military diploma from 158 and other inscriptions from this Ala were discovered.

The investigations since then did not lead to the hoped-for location of the fort, but to the discovery of an important civil pottery center from Roman times. Despite the numerous epigraphic finds, the military use of the site has not been proven with certainty. It has been suggested that the fort might have fallen victim to the floods of the Mureș and eroded over the centuries.

troops

Most of the inscriptions found in Cristeşti call the Ala I Bosporanorum . Even if this unity has been proven in other places in Dacia, for example in Fort Vețel and Fort Cigmău , it should be noted that brick stamps of this Ala occur exclusively in Cristești. Further stamps from Cristeşti with the inscriptions AL IB , LIB and APB were ascribed to Ala I Batavorum , but could also be dissolved to Ala I Bosporanorum . In addition, there are stamps of the Legio V Macedonica , which makes the presence of a vexillation of this association appear possible.

Dacoromaniac vicus

The archaeological findings point to a settlement from the second and third centuries, which apparently must have been a wealthy and important Dakor-Roman artisan center, in particular a pottery center. Pottery kilns, but also traces of glass, metal and stone processing, have been found in the context of numerous buildings. The found material is varied and of high quality. Agriculture and livestock also seem to have been practiced in the immediate vicinity. The number of coin finds from Cristeşti ranges from Trajan (98–117) to Philip Arabs (244–249).

Lost property and monument protection

The storage and presentation of the finds takes place in the Muzeul de arheologie și istorie (Museum of Archeology and History) in Târgu Mureș .

The entire archaeological site is protected as a historical monument under Law No. 422/2001, passed in 2001, and is entered in the National List of Historic Monuments ( Lista Monumentelor Istorice ) under the LMI code MS-IsB-15368 . Responsible are the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerul Culturii și Patrimoniului Național) , in particular the General Directorate for National Cultural Heritage, the Department of Fine Arts, the National Commission for Historical Monuments and other institutions subordinate to the Ministry. Unauthorized excavations and the export of ancient objects are prohibited in Romania.

See also

literature

  • Nicolae Gudea : The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, pp. 103f., ( Digitized version ).
  • Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , pp. 226f.

Web links

  • LMI MS-IsB-15368 (Romanian), accessed January 5, 2020.
  • Cristeşti | Judeţ: Mureş | Anul: 1994 on the website Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România, 1983 - 2012. Rapoarte preliminare de cercetare arheologică. Raport de cercetare arheologică (Romanian), accessed January 5, 2020.
  • Cristeşti | Judeţ: Mureş | Anul: 1996 on the website Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România, 1983 - 2012. Rapoarte preliminare de cercetare arheologică. Raport de cercetare arheologică (Romanian), accessed January 5, 2020.
  • Cristeşti | Judeţ: Mureş | Anul: 1998 on the website Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România, 1983 - 2012. Rapoarte preliminare de cercetare arheologică. Raport de cercetare arheologică (Romanian), accessed January 5, 2020.
  • Nicoleta Man and Dumitru Protase: Cristeşti | Judeţ: Mureş | Anul: 1999 on the website Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România, 1983 - 2012. Rapoarte preliminare de cercetare arheologică. Raport de cercetare arheologică (Romanian), accessed January 5, 2020.
  • Nicoleta Man and Dumitru Protase: Cristeşti | Judeţ: Mureş | Punct: Hosuba | Anul: 2000 on the website Cronica cercetărilor arheologice din România, 1983 - 2012. Rapoarte preliminare de cercetare arheologică. Raport de cercetare arheologică (Romanian), accessed January 5, 2020.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Route / section / fort number (based on Nicolae Gudea , 1997).
  2. ↑ a b CIL 03, 12630 , CIL 16, 00108 , IDR-03-04, 00154 , IDR-03-04, 00155 , IDR-03-04, 00156 and IDR-03-04, 00157 .
  3. ↑ a b IDR-03-04, 00150 and IDR-03-04, 00150.1 .
  4. ^ Claudius Ptolemy Geographike Hyphegesis 8.4.
  5. ^ Ferdinand Neigebauer: The South Slavs and their countries , Leipzig 1851, pp. 251-253.
  6. ↑ CIL 16, 00108
  7. ↑ CIL 03, 12630 , IDR-03-04, 00154 , IDR-03-04, 00155 , IDR-03-04, 00156 and IDR-03-04, 00157 .
  8. ↑ RAN 114364.02, LMI MS-IsB-15368 (Romanian) accessed on January 5, 2020.
  9. ^ Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , pp. 226f.
  10. ↑ Clauss / Slaby epigraphic database .
  11. ↑ Official website of the Muzeul de arheologie și istorie (Romanian), accessed on January 5, 2020.
  12. ↑ LMI MS-IsB-15368 (Romanian) accessed on January 5, 2020.
  13. ↑ List of historical monuments on the website of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage