Conical sapling
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Conical sapling ( Hygrocybe conica agg.) |
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| Hygrocybe conica | ||||||||||||
| ( Schaeff. ) P. Kumm. |
The conical or blackening sapling ( Hygrocybe conica , syn .: Hygrocybe nigrescens ) is a type of mushroom from the family of snail relatives and is included within the genus in the Hygrocybe section .
Systematics
The conical sap is an agglomerate of different shapes that have not yet been sufficiently clarified. Accordingly, a distinction is made between different varieties, the boundaries of which are presented differently in the literature. For Baden-Württemberg, Krieglsteiner differentiates between the following forms, which are described in more detail below:
- Blackening sapling ( Hygrocybe conica var. Conica ),
- Dune sapling ( Hygrocybe conica var. Conicoides ),
- Hygrocybe conica var. Conicopalustris .
Gröger names the following forms as part of the conica complex:
- Hygrocybe conica var. Conica
- Hygrocybe conica f. pseudoconica
- Hygrocybe conica var. Conicopalustris
- Hygrocybe conica var. Chloroides
- Hygrocybe veselskyi
- Hygrocybe olivaceonigra
Blackening sapling ( Hygrocybe conica var. Conica )
features
The shape forms fruit bodies divided into hat and stem, with 4–12 cm wide, pointed to obtuse conical hats. The stem becomes 5–9 cm high and 0.5 to 2 cm thick. The top of the hat is not sticky, yellow-orange to red; it turns gray with age, later black. The fibrous striped stalk, hollow with age, is lemon to orange-yellow with a whitish base; it also becomes increasingly black with older fruiting bodies. The lemon-yellow, also blackening lamellae. The var.chloroides , which shows no reddish or yellow-orange colors in the hat and stem and which initially has a yellow (varying from lion, lemon, and sulfur to chrome yellow) hat later adopting greenish hues, is only used by Krieglsteiner as a synonym for Variety conica considered. The black color also occurs when touched.
ecology
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The conica variety is one of the more common because apparently less sensitive saplings; it grows inside and outside of forests, preferring sunny spots. The form occurs in base-rich semi-arid grasslands, subcontinental steppe grasslands, juniper heaths , mountain and poor meadows, not too nutrient-rich fat meadows, turf and bristle grass communities. It is less common in the interior of forests, it occurs more on aisles, at the edge of the forest and along forest paths, and can even be found on the edges of moors. The form occurs sporadically in orchards and parks.
distribution
The blackening sap is found in Australia, New Guinea, South and North America, North Asia and North Africa. In Europe it is widespread from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia and Iceland.
Dune Saftling ( Hygrocybe conica var. Conicoides )
features
The dune sap differs from the conica variety in that it is yellow to salmon pink or reddish lamellae and that it only darkens very slowly.
Ecology and diffusion
The form grows on calcareous sand dunes, it is only known from Europe, where it is known in Italy, northwestern France, the Netherlands, Great Britain up to the Hebrides. After only locations on sea dunes (in Germany on the East Frisian Islands and Rügen) were known until 1975, it has since been found on inland dunes in Bavaria and in the Upper Rhine area (South Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate).
Hygrocybe conica var. Conicopalustris
A form of small sedge and flat moor, which is characterized by only slightly blackening, delicate fruiting bodies, reddish colors in the hat and handle, and a hat that is up to 2/3 striped with removable skin. The spores are somewhat longer and narrower than those of the conica variety . This form occurs in temperate, oceanic to sub-oceanic areas of Europe, it was found in France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, it is very rare everywhere. In Germany, the conicopalustris variety occurs mainly in the Alpine and foothills of the Alps.
meaning
The shape of the conical sap is considered to be slightly poisonous and is therefore not suitable for consumption, and like all sap it is protected in Germany.
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Leaf mushrooms I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 .
- F. Gröger: Identification key for agaric mushrooms and boletus in Europe. Part 1, Regensburger Mykologische Schriften, Regensburg 2006
