Keiskammahoek
| Keiskammahoek | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Coordinates | 32 ° 41 ′ S , 27 ° 9 ′ E | ||
| Basic data | |||
| Country | South Africa | ||
| Eastern Cape | |||
| District | Amathole | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | ZA-EC | ||
| local community | Amahlathi | ||
| height | 670 m | ||
| Residents | 4429 (2011) | ||
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Keiskammahoek is a town in Amahlathi Municipality , Amathole District in Eastern Cape Province in South Africa . It is located on the southern slope of the Amathole Mountains . There are numerous rural settlements in the vicinity. According to the 2011 census, around 4,429 people live here.
history
After the Seventh Border War , the first military settlements of white immigrants emerged in British Kaffraria from 1848. About five years later, at the instigation of the governor of the Cape Colony, the Keiskammahoek settlement was formed into a regional center of military conquest in the Amathole area. During this time, Mfengu moved from southern parts of the country to the area around the village. IsiXhosa- speaking groups of the Ngqika tribe already lived there , whose land was expropriated by the British military after 1850. It was not until 1858 that the area around Keiskammahoek was released for settlement by farmers from the Cape Colony and other Mfengu also moved in. The resulting mixed and chessboard-like settlement structures of black and white rural dwellers were based on military and economic considerations in order to gain better control over unrest among the indigenous population and to give European farmers sufficient development opportunities.
Until 1937 Keiskammahoek and its surroundings were administratively administered from King William's Town . Because of the growing importance of the region, an independent administrative unit was created, the Keiskammahoek magisterial district . However, the soil quality decreased with the continued agricultural use, as overpopulation and in particular poor agricultural methods were accepted without corrections for several decades. Keiskammahoek was with his district even before the apartheid known as a native reserve ( Native reserve ) and counted next Middledrift and the Glen Gray District to the settlement focuses its kind in the Ciskei . In view of the disastrous situation that had arisen, an agricultural educational institution was founded in 1930 at Middledrift on the lower reaches of the Keiskamma River , the Fort Cox Agricultural School .
In the late 1940s, an interdisciplinary group of scientists from Rhodes University surveyed the area around the city. The combined work has become known as the Keiskammahoek Rural Survey .
According to the 2001 census, Keiskammahoek was almost 100 percent inhabited by the African population.
geography
The urban area is located at the confluence of the Keiskamma River and Gxulu . The settlement is accessed supraregionally by the regional road R352, which , coming from Dimbaza , continues to Stutterheim and overcomes two small mountain passes.
In Keiskammahoek there is a district hospital, administrations for the municipal area as well as a police and post office. Ten kilometers from the town center are the buildings of the Saint Matthew's Mission .
The history of Keiskammahoek and its surroundings is associated with long-term agricultural and forestry use as well as intensive development work between white colonists and local population groups. The city was once a center of timber and agriculture that eventually moved to Stutterheim. Earlier agricultural and forestry enterprises left considerable environmental problems here.
There are agricultural test facilities in the vicinity of the city, which are intended to investigate the extent to which the invasive plant Black Wattle ( Acacia mearnsii ) can be used to enhance the national culture. There are also efforts to improve the rural environment and the quality of the soil as a corrective measure to the results of the Betterment Planning programs during the apartheid period . The Black Wattle plant, which comes from Australia , is suitable for this purpose , as its resilience in unfavorable living conditions makes it suitable for repopulating previously burnt areas and, as a result, further destroyed soil.
Web links
- Web presence of the Amahlathi community with a planned subpage for Keiskammahoek. on www.amahlathi.co.za (English)
- Aspire, Amathole Economic Development Agency: Keiskammahoek - Profile . (Brief description of the village). on www.aspire.org.za (English)
- Ashley Westaway: The formulation of modern power configurations in the Keiskammahoek District of the Ciskei from c. 1948 to the present. Grahamstown (Rhodes University Masters Thesis on Agricultural Development in the Keiskammahoek Region). at www.eprints.ru.ac.za (English; PDF; 9.8 MB)
- Border Rural Committee: Keiskammahoek . on www.brc21.co.za (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ 2011 census , accessed November 22, 2013
- ↑ a b Hobart Houghton: Life in the Ciskei. A summary of the findings of the Keiskammahoek Rural Survey 1947-51 . Johannesburg 1955. pp. 1-2, 4-5
- ^ Edward Roux: Land and Agriculture in the Native Reserves . In: Ellen Hellmann, Leah Abrahams (Ed.): Handbook on Race Relations in South Africa . Cape Town, London, New York, Oxford University Press, 1949. pp. 179, 185
- ^ Fort Cox College of Agriculture and Forestry: History of the College . www.fortcox.ac.za (English)
- ↑ Ashley Westaway: The formulation ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . (PDF document p. 11) English
- ↑ Census 2001 (census), Keiskammahoek (English)
- ^ Historic Schools Restoration Project: St Matthew's High School . at www.historicschools.org.za (English)
- ^ Keiskammahoek, Eastern Cape, South Africa: Information, Business and Travel Directory for Keiskammahoek . on www.mbendi.com ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ↑ Brief mention of a project. on www.atsconsulting.co.za (English)
- ^ SA Forestry Magazine: Eastern Cape Community Forestry Project . on www.saforestrymag.co.za ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ^ Border Rural Committee: Pest Management Plan . Keiskammahoek 2012. PDF document p. 3 ( Memento of the original from April 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
