Sticky chickweed

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Sticky chickweed
Illustration, left Sticky Miere (Minuartia viscosa), right Minuartia verna

Illustration, left Sticky Miere ( Minuartia viscosa ), right Minuartia verna

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Alsinoideae
Genre : Mieren ( Minuartia )
Type : Sticky chickweed
Scientific name
Minuartia viscosa
( Schreber ) Schinz & Thell.

The sticky chickweed ( Minuartia viscosa ) is a plant of the genus Mieren ( Minuartia ) within the family of Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae).

description

The sticky chickweed is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 3 to 10 centimeters. The upper part of the stem is mostly hairy and densely branched from the base. The leaves are arranged opposite one another. The leaf blade is sub-linear.

The flowering period extends from May to July. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are 2 to 2.5, rarely up to 3 millimeters long, narrowly lanceolate, three-veined, with parallel nerves, pointed, green, with a narrow skin edge and significantly longer than the petals. There are three styluses.

The capsule fruit is three-lobed, as long as or slightly shorter than the calyx. The seeds have a diameter of 0.25 to 0.35 millimeters.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.

Distribution, occurrence, ecology

The sub-oceanic distribution area of ​​the Sticky Miere extends from the submeridional to the temperate zone. Your area center is in south-central Europe. It was and is considered rare in its entire area of ​​distribution. Its area in Europe includes Germany, Poland, Hungary and the southern Balkans (Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece). Very few occurrences are also recorded for Sweden, Denmark, France, Italy, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Croatia and the Ukraine. There is information about possible occurrences in Asia Minor and Iran.

In Germany (as of 2015) there are only one known occurrence in the district of Mayen-Koblenz Rhineland-Palatinate and in the Saale district (Lower Saale Valley) in Saxony-Anhalt , in Switzerland it occurs in the canton of Valais and in the southern Alps (southern foot of the Alps) in Lower Austria isolated on.

The sticky chickweed thrives on sandy, humus or poor, nutrient-poor soils , which may or may not contain limestone . It prefers locations with enough summer warmth. In Central Europe it settles on gappy dry grassland , but also spreads to wastelands at the edges of fields and on paths. It settles in Central Europe in societies of the Sedo-Scleranthetea and Secalietea classes.

Observations at the place of growth in the Lower Saale Valley suggest that not too little soil moisture in the months of March and April has a positive effect on the number of plants, their size, number of flowers and vitality.

Danger

In Central Europe, the sticky chickweed is on the verge of extinction. It is "extinct or lost" in Denmark and the Czech Republic. In Germany it is listed as "critically endangered" (Red List 1). In ten of the twelve federal states in which it once occurred, it is now considered extinct or lost. It is "critically endangered" in Sweden as well, and it is listed as "critically endangered" in Austria, Hungary and Switzerland. Poland lists the Sticky Miere as "endangered". It is recorded as "extremely rare" in Romania, only a few growth locations have been recorded for Italy (degree of endangerment not known). For France, on the other hand, there are contradicting data ("highly endangered" or "insufficient knowledge"). Only a few current reports of finds have been published from the southern Balkans; the sticky mire is not listed in the Red Lists of Bulgaria and Croatia.

The main causes of danger at the place of growth in the Lower Saale Valley are insufficient or lack of (extensive) cultivation with the consequence of densification of the vegetation up to closing gaps and matting, increasing emissions of NOx from the atmosphere and from neighboring agricultural areas as well as increasingly frequent dry periods during the development period of the sticky miere from March to May.

At the last East German place of growth in the Lower Saale Valley, a sharp decline began in 1990 at the latest.

Conservation efforts

The last East German place of growth has been mowed once or twice a year since 2007. In addition, ex-situ conservation cultures exist in a botanical garden and a private conservation garden.

Although the species has so far been preserved at least in the Lower Saale Valley, no more than 25 plants have been detected since 2007.

literature

  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Yew family to butterfly family . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Metzing, D .; N. Hofbauer, G. Ludwig & G.-M. Hajek (2018): Red List of Endangered Animals, Plants and Fungi in Germany. Volume 7: Plants. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn-Bad Godesberg. Nature conservation and biodiversity 70 (7) 13–360.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 383.
  2. ↑ Meusel, H .; Jäger, EJ & Weinert E. (1965): Comparative chorology of the Central European flora. Text and cards. Vol. I. - Fischer. Jena.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Bodo Schwarzberg & Heino John : Minuartia hybrida subsp. tenuifolia (L.) KERGUÉLEN and Minuartia viscosa (SCHREB.) SCHINZ & THELL. - Examples of the protection and conservation of weakly competitive, highly endangered plant species in Central Germany. - Mitt. Florist. Map of Saxony-Anhalt 20 : 33-53.

Web links

Commons : Sticky Miere ( Minuartia viscosa )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files