Cleopatra IV.

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Cleopatra IV. (* Around 138-135 BC; † 112 BC in Antioch ) was a daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II and his niece Cleopatra III. from the Ptolemaic dynasty , which began in 141 or 140 BC. Had married.

Life

Cleopatra IV was the elder of her two brothers, Ptolemy IX. Soter II , around 119/118 BC Before his accession to the throne, given to his wife. She probably accompanied him to Cyprus , where he served as strategos . Around the beginning of 115 BC BC, shortly after Ptolemy IX. the rule over Egypt as co-regent of his mother Cleopatra III. Had started, he had to divorce the apparently power-conscious Cleopatra IV at their pressure and take his younger and more manageable sister Cleopatra Selene as his new wife. Cleopatra IV was not officially recognized as the Egyptian queen; she is inscribed in the temple of Philae with the titles "daughter of Re " and "mistress of the two countries".

It is not certain whether Cleopatra IV or Cleopatra Selene to Ptolemy IX. the daughter Cleopatra Berenike III. gave birth, but the first possibility is more likely, according to Felix Stähelin , because Cleopatra Berenike III. as early as 101 BC A marriage was entered into. Chris Bennett, however, is of the opinion that Cleopatra Berenike III. was rather a daughter of Cleopatra Selene. Furthermore, Chris Bennett (in contrast to Werner Huss ) takes the opinion that Ptolemy XII. and Ptolemy of Cyprus - as their father Ptolemy IX. has been safely passed down - Cleopatra IV.

Cleopatra IV. Operated after her separation from Ptolemy IX. the wedding with the Seleucids Antiochus IX. Kyzikenus , who stood up as a pretender against his older stepbrother Antiochus VIII. Grypos . In order to promote her marriage proposal, Cleopatra IV brought as dowry to Syria an army that Ptolemy X Alexander I had lured away in Cyprus . The recruitment of these troops was easy for her because she was probably with her then husband Ptolemy IX. during his function as governor in Cyprus and since then had maintained good contacts with the officers of the island troops. Around 115 BC The marriage of Cleopatra IV and Antiochus IX took place. instead, to whom she probably gave birth to Antiochus X.

However, the marriage with the Seleucids was not a success. Antiochus IX. Due to the troop reinforcements made available by his wife, his half-brother could from 114/113 BC. BC, but then lost a battle against them. The victorious Antiochus VIII then besieged Cleopatra IV in Antioch . After the city was conquered (112 BC) Cleopatra IV, who fled to the Temple of Apollo at Daphne , was killed at the request of her (probably older) sister Tryphaina , the wife of her opponent.

literature

Web links

  • Christopher Bennett: Cleopatra IV . On: tyndalehouse.com  ; last accessed on March 5, 2014.
  • Cleopatra IV . On: www.livius.org  ; last accessed on March 5, 2014.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Iustinus , Historiarum Philippicarum libri XLIV 39, 3, 2.
  2. ↑ Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones: Cleopatra IV. In: Roger S. Bagnall et al .: The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden (MA) 2013, ISBN 9781405179355 , p. 1566.
  3. ^ Felix Stähelin: Cleopatra 17). In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XI, 1, Stuttgart 1921, column 748.
  4. ↑ Chris Bennett: Berenice III. Note 3 .
  5. ↑ Werner Huss: Egypt in the Hellenistic Period 332–30 BC Chr. P. 672f., Note 3.
  6. ↑ Chris Bennett: Cleopatra IV. Note 8 .
  7. ^ Iustinus, Historiarum Philippicarum libri XLIV 39, 3, 3.
  8. ↑ Werner Huss: Egypt in the Hellenistic Period 332–30 BC Chr. P. 637.
  9. ^ Iustinus, Historiarum Philippicarum libri XLIV 39, 3, 4-11.
personal data
SURNAME Cleopatra IV.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII.
DATE OF BIRTH 2nd century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 112 BC Chr.
Place of death Antioch