Tryphaina (Queen of Syria)

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Tryphaina († 111 BC ) was a Ptolemaic princess and, as the wife of Antiochus VIII. Grypus, late Seleucid queen in Syria (124–111 BC). It is not proven, although often assumed, that Tryphaina also had the ruler's name Cleopatra .

Life

Tryphaina was the daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII and his niece Cleopatra III.

When her father no longer supported his pretender for the Syrian throne, Alexander II. Zabinas , but preferred Antiochus Grypus, son of Demetrios Nikator and the Ptolemaic Cleopatra Thea Euergetis , he gave Tryphaina to his wife (124 BC) and also sent him an auxiliary army. This marriage came from the five sons of Seleucus VI. , Antiochus XI. , Philip I , Demetrios III. and Antiochus XII. as well as a daughter Laodike .

112 BC BC Antiochus VIII defeated his maternal stepbrother and rival Antiochus IX. and captured the city of Antioch . There, held Cleopatra IV. , Wife of Antiochus IX. and Sister Tryphainas. The latter ordered her hated sister, who had fled to the Temple of Apollo, to be killed. She accused Cleopatra IV of the fact that these foreign troops were involved in the dispute between the brothers and that they remarried against her mother's wishes. In vain, Antiochus VIII asked his wife to spare her sister. His ancestors have never been so harsh on women. Also, added Antiochus, the temple into which Cleopatra IV had fled was sacred and he had to respect the gods with whose help he had triumphed. But Tryphaina could not be changed by Grypos' words and gave the troops the order to kill. The soldiers entered the temple; and when they could not tear away Cleopatra IV, who was clinging to the statue of the goddess, they cut off her hands. As she died, Cleopatra IV cursed her murderous sister and asked the gods to avenge her. Just one year later (111 BC), after a defeat of her husband, Tryphaina fell into captivity to the victorious Antiochus IX, who had her executed ("He sacrificed her to the manes of his wife [ie Cleopatra IV]", as he did the ancient historian Justinus put it).

literature

Remarks

  1. ^ Felix Stähelin: Cleopatra 25). In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XI, 1, Stuttgart 1921, Col. 788.
  2. ↑ Iustinus , Epitoma historiarum Philippicarum Pompei Trogi XXXIX 2, 3.
  3. ^ Porphyrios fragment in Eusebios of Caesarea , Chronik 1, 261f. ed. Beautiful.
  4. ↑ Iustinus, Epitoma historiarum Philippicarum Pompei Trogi XXXIX, 3, 4-12 - the only source for this episode.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Tryphaina
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cleopatra (?)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Queen in Syria (124 BC – 111), daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII , wife of Antiochus VIII. Grypus
DATE OF BIRTH 2nd century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 111 BC Chr.