Climate of Azerbaijan

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Annual rainfall in Azerbaijan (mm).
Average annual temperatures in Azerbaijan (° C).

The climate of Azerbaijan is extremely diverse. Despite the country's relatively small area, there are many climatic zones .

General

In Azerbaijan , nine of the eleven world occurring exist climates on earth. Azerbaijan's area roughly corresponds to the size of Austria, which only has 4 climate zones. Azerbaijan lies on the border between the temperate and subtropical climatic zone, but has great climatic fluctuations due to the enormous height differences. The extreme weather differences include dry and humid subtropical climates , moderate maritime climates , dry steppe climates , dry and humid continental climates and tundra climates .

Climate zones and precipitation

In general, Azerbaijan tends to have little precipitation, especially in the lowlands except in the southeast. Precipitation is significantly higher only in the higher elevations, with the exception of the southern coastal areas . In the Kura Aras Lowlands and Abşeron Peninsula there is a semi-desert and steppe climate with only 200 to 300 mm of precipitation per year. In the Lenkoran lowlands in the southeast there is a humid subtropical climate . There the climate is characterized by larger amounts of precipitation of up to 1700 mm. In the middle locations, the humid subtropical climate changes into a maritime climate . In the mountainous regions of the Greater Caucasus there is a humid continental and tundra climate with high precipitation of 1500 mm.

Except in the high rainfall areas, the summers are dry, but autumn and spring bring rain and winter brings rain and snow , depending on the altitude . In general, the summers in Azerbaijan, even in humid areas, are drier than the winters. A strong north wind blows in autumn. In the inner lowlands and in the coastal areas, winter is mostly poor in snow; but cold spells with heavy snowfalls do occur. In the higher elevations and in the mountains, however, winter is very snowy.

Temperatures

The average annual temperature in Azerbaijan is 13.1 ° C. In the lowlands the annual average temperatures are +14.5 ° C, in the mountains 0 ° C. In the lowlands, the average temperature in July is 26 ° C, which increases to a maximum of 32 to 35 ° C. In individual cases up to +40 ° C can be reached. In the high mountains, the average temperature in July is up to +5 ° C. The average temperature in January varies from +3 ° C in the lowlands to −10 ° C in the high mountains. In the continentally influenced Nakhichevan , temperatures of −30 ° C in winter and +40 ° C in summer are not uncommon.

Climate tables

Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Baku
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 6.6 6.3 9.8 16.4 22.1 27.3 30.6 29.7 25.6 19.6 13.5 9.7 O 18.2
Min. Temperature (° C) 2.1 2.0 4.2 9.4 14.9 19.7 22.2 22.9 19.4 13.6 8.8 4.8 O 12.1
Precipitation ( mm ) 21st 20th 21st 18th 18th 8th 2 6th 15th 25th 30th 26th Σ 210
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.9 3.1 4.0 6.5 8.3 9.8 10.1 9.1 7.4 4.6 3.1 3.3 O 6th
Rainy days ( d ) 6th 6th 5 4th 3 2 1 2 2 6th 6th 6th Σ 49
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
6.6
2.1
6.3
2.0
9.8
4.2
16.4
9.4
22.1
14.9
27.3
19.7
30.6
22.2
29.7
22.9
25.6
19.4
19.6
13.6
13.5
8.8
9.7
4.8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		21st
20th
21st
18th
18th
8th
2
6th
15th
25th
30th
26th
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: WMO , www.wetter.com


Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Lənkəran
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 7.2 7.2 11.0 17.5 22.5 27.2 30.4 29.5 25.9 19.9 14.1 10.1 O 18.6
Min. Temperature (° C) 0.0 1.0 3.9 8.6 13.1 17.5 20.1 19.7 16.9 11.8 6.7 2.5 O 10.2
Precipitation ( mm ) 91 114 90 50 54 22nd 17th 50 143 259 168 88 Σ 1,146
Rainy days ( d ) 10 10 11 8th 8th 3 2 4th 7th 13 12 9 Σ 97
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
7.2
0.0
7.2
1.0
11.0
3.9
17.5
8.6
22.5
13.1
27.2
17.5
30.4
20.1
29.5
19.7
25.9
16.9
19.9
11.8
14.1
6.7
10.1
2.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		91
114
90
50
54
22nd
17th
50
143
259
168
88
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: WMO

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Climate . In: Water Resources of the Azerbaijan Republic . Institute of Hydrometeorology, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on May 24, 2007.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Geography - Physical Geography - Climate . Azerbaijans.com.
  3. ↑ For more detailed information on the climate and ecoregions of the Caucasus, see WWF and Manana Kurtubadze: Climate Zones of the Caucasus Ecoregion. in the GRID Arendal project of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) 2008. Especially the map on the left, which can be downloaded as a PDF.
  4. ↑ See also the report of the Caucasus Environment Outlook (CEO). Tbilisi 2003. Also in the UNEP GRID Arendal project. therein chapter CHAPTER 2. STATE OF THE CAUCASUS ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY MEASURES: A RETROSPECTIVE FROM 1972 TO 2002 , subsection 2.1.1. Landscape Diversity (the associated map can also be downloaded by clicking on it).