Hude Monastery
| Cistercian Abbey of Hude | |
|---|---|
 Ruin of the monastery |
|
| location |
 Germany Lower Saxony |
| Coordinates: | 53 ° 7 '1.2 " N , 8 ° 26' 56.7" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
610 |
| Patronage | St. Mary |
| founding year | 1232 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1536 |
| Mother monastery | Mariental Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Morimond Monastery |
The monastery Hude ( Latin Portus sanctae Mariae ) is a former Cistercian abbey in the municipality of Hude in the district of Oldenburg ( Lower Saxony / Germany ), some of the buildings of which have been preserved.
history
Starting from the parent monastery of the Cistercian order, Citeaux, the monastery was founded in 1232 as a subsidiary of the Mariental Abbey , a subsidiary of Altenberg Abbey from the filiation of the Morimond Primary Abbey . The choice of the building site in a remote brook valley and the arrangement of the buildings correspond to the tradition of the Cistercians.
The economic basis of the monastery was formed by the rich donations of land after the defeat of the farmers of Stedingen in the Stedinger War in 1234 near Altenesch. The pottery, woven goods and their own brickworks made in Hude were of the highest quality, as is customary with Cistercians. Until 1306, the monastery obtained beer from Bremen ; after that the monks took over the brewing themselves. In its heyday the monastery Hude was the spiritual and economic center of the region. This is evidenced by the fact that the church served the Counts of Oldenburg as the official burial place for more than two centuries .
In 1482, Hude Monastery came under the rule of the Münster diocese . Social upheavals in the course of the Reformation led to the decline of the monastery until its dissolution in 1536 by the Landsknechtführer and Drost von Delmenhorst Wilke Steding . Due to the great demand for high-quality building materials, parts of the complex (the cloister and the adjoining buildings) were demolished until they were acquired by Kurt Veit von Witzleben in 1687. The Liebestein branch of the von Witzleben family , who have owned the entire property since 1687, lives in the former abbot's house, which has been converted into a manor house, and uses the adjacent buildings.
Plant and buildings
Parts of the former three-aisled, vaulted monastery church with transept (corners of the west wall, north wall of the transept, south central nave wall of the three-bay nave in the bound system) with numerous shaped stones and glazes as ruins and the gate chapel are parts of the complex, which was built in the 13th century in the style of brick Gothic from the end of the 13th century (today St. Elisabeth Church) and the abbey preserved. The preserved south wall of the nave shows six pointed arches, a blind triforium of six times two pointed arches, pillars and cornices that span these two floors. The third floor of the nave is probably due to a change of plan. It shows three towering lancet windows, each flanked by two rising lancet panels. In the buildings south of the church, remains of the enclosure buildings have been preserved.
reception
At the time of German Romanticism painting, the church ruins were a popular motif. In keeping with the zeitgeist of the 19th century, the picturesque ruin was presented in the midst of lush nature as if in a landscape garden. Probably the most famous depiction comes from Daniel Chodowiecki and adorned the title of the "History of the Duchy of Oldenburg" (1794–1796) by Anton von Halem.
Monastery ruin
Monastery ruin
Monastery ruin
southern central nave wall, picture by Hardegen 1867
St. Elisabeth Church near the ruins of the monastery in Hude
literature
- Diedrich Konrad Muhle: The Hude monastery in the Duchy of Oldenburg. Stalling, Oldenburg 1826. (Reprint: Ulrich Wilke (Hrsg.), Publisher: make a book, Neukirchen 2007, ISBN 978-3-939119-45-6 )
- Hermann Alexander Müller : The ruins of the Hude monastery in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. With a view and a plan of Kloster Hude . ED Müller 1867 digitized
- Georg Sello: The Cistercian monastery Hude. Schulze, Oldenburg / Leipzig 1895. (Reprint: Ulrich Wilke (Hrsg.), Publisher: make a book, Neukirchen bei Niebüll 2006, ISBN 3-939119-45-8 )
- HR Rosemann (Ed.): Reclams Art Guide Germany Vol. V. 4th edition. Stuttgart 1967, ISBN 3-15-008473-3 , pp. 329-331.
- Georg Dehio (term): Handbook of German art monuments, Bremen, Lower Saxony. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-422-00348-7 , pp. 517-519ff.
- Ambrosius Schneider: Lexical overview of the male monasteries of the Cistercians in the German language and cultural area. In: Ambrosius Schneider et al. (Ed.): The Cistercians, History - Spirit - Art. 3. Edition. Wienand, Cologne 1986, ISBN 3-87909-132-3 , pp. 664-665.
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The Hude Monastery , pp. 156–158, in: If stones could talk , Volume I, Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1989, ISBN 3-7842-03973 .
- Edgar F. Warnecke: Old churches and monasteries in the country between Weser and Ems. Verlag H. Th. Wenner, Osnabrück 1990, ISBN 3-87898-319-0 , p. 93 ff.
- Ulrich Wilke: The Hude Altarpiece. Publisher: make a book, Neukirchen bei Niebüll 2006, ISBN 3-939119-30-X .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.weser-kurier.de/bremen/bremen-wirtschaft_artikel,-wie-die-bremer-brauen-lernten-_arid,1722632.html
- ^ Werner Vahlenkamp: Steding, Wilke. In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg . Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , p. 696 f. ( online ).