Koçgiri uprising

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The Koçgiri uprising, also called Ümraniye Hadisesi ( Eng .: incident of Ümraniye ) took place in 1920 in the province of Sivas . It was named after the Eşiret of the Koçgiri , who were widespread in Sivas and owned around 190 villages in the area. A total of 140,000 people lived there.

1920

The first phase began in July 1920 and became more intense after the Sevres Peace Treaty became known . Sèvres guaranteed the Kurds and Armenians their own nation states or at least autonomy .

In November 1920, the leaders of the uprising in İmranlı met to formulate their goals. On December 8, the leaders of the Koçgiri sent a telegram to Mustafa Kemal demanding the establishment of an independent Kurdistan. It should include the provinces of Diyarbakir, Mamuret ül-Aziz, Van and Bitlis. They invoked the Treaty of Sèvres and threatened with armed violence.

Ankara did not take the demands of the rebels seriously and played for time. Kurdish MPs from Ankara should persuade the insurgent tribes to end the anti-republican uprising directed by the so-called Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti .

Koçgiri fighters in Sivas Imranli

On December 8th, Dr. Nuri Dersimi arrested, next to Alişer another important spokesman. Under pressure from Said Rıza , Ankara gave in and released Dersimi. Despite appeals from the separatists, Ankara set its armies in motion so that the militias occupied an important street in Koçgiri. The rebels formed a provisional government, and from then on the fighting broke out. Meanwhile, Ankara tried to appease the militias with a delegation, among other things the Kurdish areas were to be ruled by Kurdish officials and Kurdish should become the official language. On March 10, Ankara declared martial law. In contrast, the militias wanted a Kurdish-speaking governor with a Turkish deputy for Koçgiri. The Turkish government did not accept this and also wanted all Armenians in the Koçgiri area to be handed over to Ankara. The fighting intensified and Ankara burned several villages. Some rebels withdrew to Dersim and then returned to Koçgiri. One of the leaders, Haydar Bey, was sentenced to death with another 14 of his people. 65 other leaders were sentenced to death in absentia. A delegation met with Kurds in Erzincan , who submitted a 24-point memorandum . They demanded Kurdish schools, reparations and a Kurdish-speaking governor. Ankara initially accepted this, but later revoked it.

The uprising was bloodily suppressed by Nureddin Pasha on June 17, 1921 , and many of its leaders were to be executed.

literature

  • Nuri Dersimi : Kürdistan Tarihinde Dersim (Dersim in the history of Kurdistan), Aleppo 1952, reprint Cologne 1988
  • Hıdır Göktaş: Kürtler, İsyan-Tenkil (Kurds, uprising deportation), Istanbul 1991
  • Faik Bulut: Dersim Raporları (The Dersim Reports), Istanbul 2005, ISBN 975-6106-02-6

Individual evidence

  1. Hans-Lukas Kieser : The missed peace. Mission, Ethnicity and State in the Eastern Provinces of Turkey 1839–1938. Chronos, Zurich 2000, ISBN 3-905313-49-9 , p. 401.

Web links

Commons : Koçgiri Rebellion  - collection of images, videos and audio files