Charcoal / Tables and Graphics

Here are tables and graphs detailing on coal represented.

Brown coal

overview

In 2016, 990.2 million tons of brown coal were mined worldwide . The largest producing countries were Germany , the People's Republic of China , Russia , the USA and Poland , which together had a share of 51.6 percent of world production.

The eligible reserves were estimated by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) in 2014 at 285.964 billion tons worldwide. Russia accounted for 31.7 percent, Australia for 15.4 percent and Germany for 12.7 percent. With constant funding and demand ( static range ), global demand could be covered for another 279 years.

In 2014, around 36.3 billion tons of lignite were stored in Germany, which could be extracted at current prices and with the current state of the art. With constant production, the reserves would be sufficient for about 203 years.

Promotion by country

The following table shows the countries with the largest production of lignite and their share of world production in percent. All figures relate to the states within their current borders.

Lignite extraction (in millions of tons)

Rank (2016)	country	1970	1980	1990	2000	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	Share in%
1.	Germany	369.0	387.9	356.5	167.7	180.4	175.3	169.9	169.4	176.5	185.4	183.0	178.2	178.1	171.5	17.3
2.	People's Republic of China	15.4	24.3	45.5	47.7	97.4	115.0	115.5	125.3	136.3	145.0	147.0	145.0	140.0	140.0	14.1
3.	Russia	116.2	141.5	138.5	87.8	71.3	82.0	68.2	76.0	77.6	77.9	73.0	70.0	73.2	73.7	7.4
4th	United States	5.4	42.8	79.9	77.6	71.2	68.6	65.8	71.0	73.6	71.6	70.1	72.1	64.9	66.2	6.7
5.	Poland	32.8	36.9	67.6	59.5	57.5	59.6	57.1	56.5	62.8	64.3	65.8	63.9	63.1	60.2	6.1
6th	Indonesia	0.0	0.0	0.0	13.8	28.0	38.0	38.2	40.0	51.3	60.0	65.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	6.1
7th	Australia	24.2	32.9	46.0	67.3	72.3	72.4	68.3	68.8	66.7	69.1	59.9	58.0	61.0	59.7	6.0
8th.	Turkey	4.0	14.5	44.4	60.9	70.0	81.5	75.6	70.0	71.0	70.0	57.5	60.0	56.1	56.9	5.7
9.	India	3.5	5.0	14.1	24.2	32.8	32.2	34.1	37.7	42.3	46.5	44.3	47.2	43.8	45.3	4.6
10.	Czech Republic	77.0	90.1	76.0	50.3	54.5	46.8	45.6	43.9	46.8	43.7	40.6	38.3	38.3	38.6	3.9
11.	Serbia	13.5	22.7	36.9	33.9	29.8	30.4	38.3	37.8	41.1	38.2	40.3	29.7	37.7	38.0	3.8
12.	Greece	7.9	23.2	51.9	63.9	64.4	65.7	61.8	53.6	58.4	62.4	54.0	50.4	45.6	32.3	3.3
13.	Bulgaria	28.8	29.9	31.5	26.3	25.4	26.2	27.3	27.1	34.5	31.0	26.5	31.3	35.9	31.2	3.2
14th	Romania	14.2	26.5	33.7	29.0	35.5	32.1	28.4	27.7	32.9	34.1	24.7	23.6	25.5	23.0	2.3
15th	Thailand	0.4	1.5	12.4	17.8	18.2	18.3	17.6	18.3	21.3	18.1	18.1	18.0	15.2	17.0	1.7
16.	Hungary	23.7	22.6	15.8	14.0	9.8	9.4	9.0	9.0	9.5	9.3	9.6	9.6	9.3	9.2	0.9
17th	Canada	3.5	6.0	9.4	11.2	10.5	9.9	10.6	10.3	9.7	9.5	9.0	8.5	8.4	9.0	0.8
18th	Kosovo	3.1	5.2	8.5	3.0	6.7	7.0	7.9	8.0	8.2	8.0	8.2	7.2	8.2	8.8	0.7
19th	Bosnia and Herzegovina									7.1	7.0	6.2	6.2	6.0	7.3	0.6
20th	North Korea	5.2	10.0	10.6	7.2	9.0	9.0	9.0	7.0	7.6	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	7.0	0.7
	world							997.1	1,008.0	1,080.4	1,101.5	1,053.3	1,025.2	1,011.8	990.2	100.0

World funding

The following table shows the world production of lignite.

Lignite extraction (in millions of tons)

year advancement 1980 890.2 1981 913.7 1982 948.6 1983 967.9 1984 1,018.3 1985 1,074.8 1986 1,097.0 1987 1,124.7 1988 1,145.8 1989 1,165.5

year advancement 1990 1,107.6 1991 981.0 1992 968.0 1993 996.7 1994 952.3 1995 939.2 1996 941.7 1997 933.2 1998 914.1 1999 884.6

year advancement 2000 903.0 2001 913.0 2002 916.4 2003 932.9 2004 934.1 2005 947.7 2006 966.8 2007 978.0 2008 1,025.4 2009 997.1

year advancement 2010 1,008.0 2011 1,080.4 2012 1,101.5 2013 1,053.3 2014 1,025.2 2015 1,011.8 2016 990.2 2017 1033.6 2018 1017.2

Lignite production over time

Reserves by country

The countries with the largest lignite reserves, their share in the world reserves in percent and the cumulative share are listed. Under reserves means the recoverable at current prices with current materials handling amount of raw materials.

The BGR differentiates between reserves and resources. The meaning of the two terms is so different in the various languages ​​that a consistent use of the term reserve is almost impossible. In German it usually refers to the part of a resource whose extraction is economical according to the current state of the art . With rising world market prices, resources can become reserves and vice versa. Resources, on the other hand, are deposits that are verifiably available but cannot yet be economically extracted. In German, the term of the resource overlaps with that of the occurrence.

Lignite reserves (in millions of tons, 2014)

rank	country	Reserves	Percentage ownership %	Cumulation in%
1.	Russia	90,730	31.7	31.7
2.	Australia	44.164	15.4	47.1
3.	Germany	36,300	12.7	59.8
4th	United States	30,483	10.7	70.5
5.	Turkey	12,466	4.4	74.9
6th	Indonesia	8,274	2.9	77.8
7th	People's Republic of China	7,555	2.6	80.4
8th.	Serbia	7.112	2.5	82.9
9.	New Zealand	6,750	2.4	85.3
10.	Poland	3,791	1.4	86.7
	world	285.964	100.0

Resources by country

The countries with the largest lignite resources, their share of world resources in percent and the cumulative share are listed. Resource is defined as the proven amount of raw materials that cannot be extracted technically and / or economically at the moment, as well as the amount of raw materials that can be extracted in the future, but which is not proven, but geologically possible.

Lignite resources (in million tons, 2014)

rank	country	resources	Percentage ownership %	Cumulation in%
1.	United States	1,367,877	31.0	31.0
2.	Russia	1,288,894	29.2	60.1
3.	Australia	399.267	9.0	69.2
4th	People's Republic of China	325.097	7.4	76.5
5.	Poland	222,458	5.0	81.6
6th	Vietnam	199,876	4.5	86.1
7th	Pakistan	176,739	4.0	90.1
8th.	Mongolia	119.426	2.7	92.8
9.	Canada	118,270	2.7	95.5
10.	Germany	40,500	0.9	96.4
	world	4,418,658	100.0

Consumption by country

The countries with the highest consumption of lignite and their share of world consumption are listed.

Lignite consumption (in million tons, 2016)

rank	country	consumption	Percentage ownership %	Cumulation in%
1.	Germany	168.2	17.0	17.0
2.	People's Republic of China	140.0	14.2	31.2
3.	Russia	73.7	7.5	38.7
4th	United States	66.2	6.7	45.4
5.	Poland	60.2	6.1	51.5
6th	Indonesia	60.0	6.1	57.6
7th	Australia	59.7	6.1	63.6
8th.	Turkey	56.9	5.8	69.4
9.	India	45.3	4.6	74.0
10.	Czech Republic	38.6	3.9	77.9
	world	986.8	100.0

Hard coal

overview

In 2016, around 6,291 million tons of hard coal were mined worldwide . The largest producing countries were the People's Republic of China , India , the USA , Australia and Indonesia . In Europe, the largest mining areas are in Russia , Poland and the Ukraine .

The reserves were estimated in 2014 by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources at 698.660 billion tons worldwide. The USA accounted for 31.9 percent, the People's Republic of China for 17.8 percent and India for 12.2 percent. With constant funding and constant global demand, this could be covered for about 97 years.

Promotion by country

The following table shows the countries with the largest coal production and their share in world production. All figures relate to the states within their current borders.

Hard coal production (in millions of tons)

Rank (2016)	country	1970	1980	1990	2000	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	Share in%
1.	People's Republic of China	347.5	595.8	1034.4	1144.7	2479.2	2646.4	2930.0	3115.0	3471.9	3532.6	3601.5	3495.2	3423.2	3102.5	49.3
2.	India	73.7	109.2	210.5	311.4	451.6	489.5	532.1	532.7	539.9	557.7	565.6	609.2	639.2	662.6	10.5
3.	United States	541.6	709.9	853.6	896.3	967.9	994.3	907.4	918.2	920.4	850.5	823.4	835.1	748.8	594.4	9.4
4th	Australia	49.2	72.4	158.8	239.4	323.0	325.4	348.0	355.4	345.2	374.1	411.3	441.5	441.3	443.9	7.1
5.	Indonesia	0.2	0.6	10.5	76.6	231.2	246.2	256.2	285.0	364.5	406.3	430.0	410.8	401.6	396.2	6.3
6th	Russia	179.0	224.8	247.5	163.0	241.3	244.6	232.5	247.9	258.5	276.1	279.0	287.0	300.1	312.0	5.0
7th	South Africa	50.3	119.7	175.3	225.8	243.6	235.8	250.5	257.2	252.8	258.6	256.3	253.2	252.1	254.0	4.0
8th.	Kazakhstan	103.6	118.1	75.0	71.5	90.4	104.4	95.8	103.6	108.1	112.8	114.6	109.0	101.0	92.6	1.5
9.	Colombia	2.5	4.1	20.5	38.1	69.9	73.5	72.8	74.4	85.8	89.0	85.5	88.6	85.5	90.5	1.4
10.	Poland	140.1	193.1	147.5	103.1	87.8	84.3	78.1	76.7	76.4	79.8	77.1	73.0	72.7	70.6	1.1
11.	Canada	11.6	30.7	58.9	58.0	58.9	58.2	52.4	57.9	57.4	57.0	59.9	60.5	51.2	52.0	0.8
12.	Ukraine	94.0	122.6	135.0	81.1	75.2	77.3	72.0	75.0	81.7	85.6	83.4	65.0	39.7	40.9	0.6
13.	Vietnam	0.0	5.3	4.6	11.6	44.6	39.9	44.1	44.8	46.6	42.1	41.0	41.1	41.7	38.5	0.6
14th	North Korea	19.8	34.1	35.7	22.5	28.6	28.6	24.6	24.0	31.5	32.2	31.6	34.0	34.0	34.0	0.5
15th	Mongolia	0.2	1.0	1.4	0.2	3.6	3.6	8.3	18.3	26.1	23.6	27.0	18.1	18.2	28.1	0.4
16.	Philippines							5.2	7.3	7.8	8.2	7.8	8.1	8.2	12.1	0.2
17th	Mexico	3.0	3.6	7.8	11.3	11.0	15.5	9.5	11.2	21.0	16.3	15.7	15.9	15.7	11.6	0.2
18th	Mozambique									0.6	5.0	5.9	6.3	6.6	6.8	0.1
19th	Czech Republic	25.5	27.7	22.4	14.9	13.1	12.7	10.6	11.2	11.0	10.8	8.6	8.3	7.6	6.1	0.1
20th	United Kingdom	140.9	130.4	104.1	30.6	16.8	18.1	17.9	18.4	18.6	17.0	12.8	11.6	8.6	4.2	0.1
...
21st	Germany	108.6	87.1	70.2	37.3	24.2	19.1	15.0	14.1	13.0	11.6	8.3	8.3	6.6	4.1	0.1
	world							6,005.6	6,291.1	6,783.5	6,889.1	6,983.8	6,933.1	6,743.1	6,290.7	100.0

World funding

The following table shows the world hard coal production.

Hard coal production (in millions of tons)

year advancement 1980 2903.5 1981 2918.7 1982 3026.0 1983 3039.9 1984 3217.1 1985 3364.6 1986 3448.4 1987 3520.7 1988 3604.4 1989 3654.3

year advancement 1990 3742.8 1991 3572.8 1992 3523.6 1993 3405.2 1994 3529.0 1995 3666.3 1996 3682.7 1997 3714.0 1998 3650.8 1999 3562.8

year advancement 2000 3536.3 2001 3769.9 2002 3868.8 2003 4208.0 2004 4711.1 2005 4987.3 2006 5356.4 2007 5522.7 2008 5773.2 2009 6006.2

year advancement 2010 6291.1 2011 6783.5 2012 6889.1 2013 6983.8 2014 6933.1 2015 6743.1 2016 6284.4 2017 6529.2 2018 6983

Reserves by country

The countries with the largest coal reserves, their share of the world reserves and the cumulative share are listed.

Hard coal reserves (in million tons, 2014)

rank	country	Reserves	Percentage ownership %	Cumulation in%
1.	United States	222,641	31.9	31.9
2.	People's Republic of China	124.059	17.8	49.6
3.	India	85,562	12.2	61.9
4th	Russia	69,634	10.0	71.8
5.	Australia	62,095	8.9	80.7
6th	Ukraine	32,039	4.6	85.3
7th	Kazakhstan	25.605	3.7	89.0
8th.	Indonesia	17,394	2.5	91.5
9.	Poland	16,203	2.3	93.8
10.	South Africa	9,893	1.4	95.2
...
56.	Germany	21st	0.0
	world	698.660	100.0

Resources by country

The countries with the largest coal resources, their share of the world resources and the cumulative share are listed.

Hard coal resources (in million tons, 2014)

rank	country	resources	Percentage ownership %	Cumulation in%
1.	United States	6,457,688	36.5	36.5
2.	People's Republic of China	5,338,613	30.1	66.6
3.	Russia	2,658,281	15.0	81.6
4th	Australia	1,536,660	8.7	90.3
5.	South Africa	203,667	1.1	91.4
6th	United Kingdom	186,700	1.1	92.5
7th	Canada	183.260	1.0	93.5
8th.	India	174,981	1.0	94.5
9.	Poland	162,709	0.9	95.4
10.	Kazakhstan	123.090	0.7	96.1
11.	Indonesia	92,431	0.5	96.6
12.	Germany	82,961	0.5	97.1
	world	15,654,501	100.0

Consumption by country

The countries with the highest hard coal consumption and their share of global consumption are listed.

Hard coal consumption (in million tons, 2016)

rank	country	consumption	Percentage ownership %
1.	People's Republic of China	3,349.4	53.4
2.	India	852.9	13.6
3.	United States	548.7	8.7
4th	Japan	189.7	3.0
5.	South Africa	178.5	2.8
6th	Russia	168.7	2.7
7th	South Korea	136.2	2.2
8th.	Poland	69.7	1.1
9.	Kazakhstan	69.0	1.1
10.	Taiwan	65.2	1.0
11.	Germany	56.9	0.9
12.	Ukraine	56.0	0.9
	world	6,274.2	100.0

Export to countries

The largest coal exporting countries and their share of global exports are listed.

Hard coal exporters (in millions of tons, 2016)

rank	country	export	Percentage ownership %
1.	Australia	392.1	30.3
2.	Indonesia	369.6	28.6
3.	Russia	165.0	12.8
4th	Colombia	91.5	7.1
5.	South Africa	76.5	5.9
6th	United States	54.7	4.2
7th	Canada	30.2	2.3
8th.	Mongolia	25.8	2.0
9.	Kazakhstan	23.6	1.8
10.	North Korea	22.5	1.7
...
25th	Germany	0.3	0.0
	world	1,293.1	100.0

Export by company

Companies	Production 2015 in million t
Glencore	110.3
BHP Billiton	71.7
Anglo American	55
SUEK	46.9
Bumi Resources	44.4
Adaro Energy	40.4
Peabody Energy	38.7
Rio Tinto Group	30.1
Kideco	29.2
...

Import by country

The largest hard coal importers and their share of global imports are listed.

Hard coal imports (in million tons, 2016)

rank	country	import	Percentage ownership %
1.	People's Republic of China	255.6	20.0
2.	India	191.0	14.9
3.	Japan	189.7	14.8
4th	South Korea	134.5	10.5
5.	Taiwan	65.6	5.1
6th	Germany	53.1	4.2
7th	Turkey	36.2	2.8
8th.	Malaysia	28.5	2.2
9.	Russia	21.7	1.7
10.	Thailand	21.7	1.7
	world	1,277.8	100.0

Coal price

The annual average prices for hard coal in Europe, the USA and Japan are listed below. The coal price for Europe is shown on the basis of the MCIS (McCloskey Coal Industry Services) price index for Northwestern Europe (NWE) and for the USA on the basis of the price index for Central Appalachian Coal (CAPP) on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). The benchmark for Japan are the contract prices for coking coal and steam coal imports.

The annual average prices in the following table are shown in US dollars per ton. All data for Europe and Japan were calculated in CIF prices (CIF = Cost, Insurance and Freight; costs, insurance and freight ... named port of destination). The prices in the USA are FOB (Free On Board = free on board ... named port of shipment).

Coal price in US dollars per ton

year	Europe steam coal NWE (cif)	USA steam coal CAPP (fob)	Japan coking coal (cif)	Japan steam coal (cif)
1987	31.30	-	53.44	41.28
1988	39.94	-	55.06	42.47
1989	42.08	-	58.68	48.86
1990	43.48	31.59	60.54	50.81
1991	42.80	29.01	60.45	50.30
1992	38.53	28.53	57.82	48.45
1993	33.68	29.85	55.26	45.71
1994	37.18	31.72	51.77	43.66
1995	44.50	27.01	54.47	47.58
1996	41.25	29.86	56.68	49.54
1997	38.92	29.76	55.51	45.53
1998	32.00	31.00	50.76	40.51
1999	28.79	31.29	42.83	35.74
2000	35.99	29.90	39.69	34.58
2001	39.03	50.15	41.33	37.96
2002	31.65	33.20	42.01	36.90
2003	43.60	38.52	41.57	34.74
2004	72.08	64.90	60.96	51.34
2005	60.54	70.12	89.33	62.91
2006	64.11	62.96	93.46	63.04
2007	88.79	51.16	88.24	69.86
2008	147.67	118.79	179.03	122.81
2009	70.66	68.08	167.82	110.11
2010	92.50	71.63	158.95	105.19
2011	121.54	87.38	229.12	136.21
2012	92.50	72.06	191.46	133.61
2013	81.69	71.39	140.45	111.16
2014	75.38	69.00	114.41	97.65
2015	56.64	51.57	60.10	67.53
2016	60.09	51.45	71.66	71.35
2017	84.51	63.83	96.02	94.72
2018	91.83	72.84	112.73	99.45

See also

• Electricity / tables and graphs
• Natural gas / tables and graphs
• Petroleum / Tables and Graphs
• Uranium / tables and graphs
• List of countries with the highest energy consumption
• List of major carbon dioxide emitters

literature

• Fischer World Almanac. Numbers, data, facts. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, 1960 ff.

Web links

• Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials
• British Geological Survey
• US Geological Survey
• The world at a glance - brown coal (formerly: http://www.welt-auf-einen-blick.de/bodenschaetze/braunkohle.php )
• The world at a glance - hard coal (formerly: http://www.welt-auf-einen-blick.de/bodenschaetze/steinkohle.php )
• Energy Overview - A visual review of nations' extraction and consumption trends; Data from the BP Statistical Review

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials: Energy raw materials : coal
2. ↑ ^{a b} Energy Information Administration: International Coal Production ( Memento of the original from July 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Christoph Gaedicke et al .: BGR Energy Study 2019. In: Data and developments in German and global energy supply. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, April 2020, accessed on July 30, 2020 . 
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e} BGR Energy Study 2017. Accessed on May 27, 2018 . 
5. ↑ SUEK Annual Report 2015 ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 4 
6. ^ BP: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2015
7. ↑ https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf