Conjunction in the Spanish language

Conjunctions , conjunciones are generally a type of function words that take as their complement words or parts of sentences that they connect with one another or with the context; they are divided into co-ordinating and subordinating (subordinate conjunctions). The conjunctions in Spanish , like in standard German , are non-inflected words that precede their additions (including the subordinate clause they introduce). In the case of conjunctions involving subordinate clauses,particular attention must be paid to the fact that they can result in the indicative, indicativo , the subjuntivo or the infinitive, infintivo .

Classification of the Spanish conjunctions

The Spanish conjunctions can be divided into:

• Single word conjunctions, conjunciones simples , z. B. the coordinating conjunctions y and, o or, pero but
• compound conjunctions , conjunciones compuestas, possible adverbs + que; Prepositions + que; Prepositions + noun + que

They can also be classified according to their syntactic functions:

• Associating or co-ordinating conjunctions, conjunciones de coordinación, link similar clauses or sentences with one another. These are again sorted into
  • Sequential conjunctions, conjunciones copulativos that cause a sequence of the various parts of the sentence or sentences of equal rank. Example: tanto… como, ni… ni.
  • Adversative conjunctions, conjunciones adversativas they indicate an antithesis to the preceding sentence. Example: aunque, sino .
  • Disjunctive conjunctions, conjunciones disyuntivas express that there is only one possibility. Example: bien ... bien, o ... o .
• Subordinate conjunctions, conjunciones de subordinación . They introduce subordinate clauses and, depending on the requirements, can result in the indicative, indicativo or subjuntivo . They are often specialized in introducing certain types of meaning of sentences (see the overview of the types of subordinate clauses in the following section).

Conjunctions and subordinate clauses

Subordinating conjunctions are used to connect subordinate clauses to the main clause. These include the temporal conjunctions, hasta que bis, en cuanto once, después de que after. The conditional conjunctions: como als , como si als ob, en caso de que falls. Causal conjunctions: porque because, pues because. Final conjunctions: para que with it. Consecutive conjunctions: de manera que so that.

A distinction is made between the following types of subordinate clauses, oraciónes subordinadas :

• Subject sentences , oraciónes sustantivas de sujeto
• direct object sentences (instead of an accusative object ), oraciónes sustantivas de objeto directo
• indirect object sentences (instead of a dative object ), oraciónes sustantivas de objeto indirecto
• Attribute sentences , oraciónes atributivas
• Relative clauses , oraciónes de relativos
• Adverbial clauses , oraciónes circunstanciales a subordinate clause instead of an adverbial definition , these can be further differentiated, especially in:
  • Causal clause ( justification clause ), oración causal
  • Temporal clause , oración temporal
  • Consecutive clause ( following clause ), oración consecutiva
  • Final movement (intention, purpose ), oración final
  • Conditional clause (conditional clause), oración condicional
  • Concession clause (grant clause, counter rule), oración concesiva
  • Comparative clause , (comparative clause), oración comparativa

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Wolfgang Halm: Modern Spanish short grammar. Max Hueber, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-19-004020-6 , p. 215.
2. ^ Hans-Georg Beckmann: New Spanish grammar. dnf-Verlag, Göttingen 1994, ISBN 3-9803483-3-4 , p. 320