Konstanz emergency bill
1 trillion marks (1923)
The Konstanz emergency money was a money substitute that arose from a shortage situation, which replaced missing legal tender at the beginning of the 20th century and was issued by government agencies and companies.
background
In the third year of the First World War , on March 8, 1917, the Constance city council dealt with the issue of emergency money for the first time due to a noticeable shortage of change in the city . As in the following July and September, an emergency money issue was refused or postponed.
On October 6, 1918, the German Association of Cities announced in a circular that emergency money in the values of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 marks was required. To reduce the risk of forgery, the notes should be made of watermarked paper and provided with facsimile signatures and embossed stamps.
By November 25, the Constance city council decided in three steps to produce 45,000 notes of 5 marks each, 35,000 notes of 10 marks each and 20,000 notes of 20 marks each, a total of 975,000 marks. The production of the banknotes cost the city 8,088.55 marks, of which the Reichsbank branch took over half. The notes were issued from the beginning of December 1918. The circulation period was limited to April 1, 1919.
After the currency continued to decline in the following years, further emergency money issues were initiated until 1923, initially in value levels from 50 Pfennig, at the time of high inflation up to 1 trillion marks.
Towards the end of the inflation period, it became clear that the city's emergency money was not enough. The Dresdner Bank , the folded tile factory Blattner and Kramer , the Chamber of Commerce , L. Stromeyer u. Co. and Holzverkohlungs-Industrie AG to issue their own emergency money.
Issuing offices
City of Constance
Big money 1918
| Face value: 5 marks
|
|
Printing: Reuss and Itta, Konstanz, on white paper, with watermark "Sutter - S - pattern"; ~ 135 × 90 mm
|
| Mintage: 31,060 pieces with a face value of 155,300 marks
|
| Issue: from December 5, 1918, 19,000 pieces with a face value of 95,000 marks
|
| Front: black / gray, clichés from Brend'amour, Simhart and Co., Munich ; Signature "Dietrich"; Control numbers: 1 to 31060, 6 mm, black
|
| Back: black / yellow; Five Marks / WAR NORTH MONEY OF THE CITY / KONSTANZ.
|
| Confiscated: 18,854 units (99.2%) with a face value of 94,270 marks; 18,882 pieces destroyed, 12,060 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Face value: 10 marks
|
|
Printing: Reuss and Itta, Konstanz, on white paper, with watermark "Sutter - S - pattern"; ~ 140 × 90 mm
|
| Mintage: 36,568 pieces with a face value of 365,680 marks
|
| Issue: from December 5, 1918, 30,200 pieces with a face value of 302,000 marks
|
| Front: violet / yellow in tints, clichés by Brend'amour, Simhart and Co., Munich; Signature "Dietrich"; Control numbers: 1 to 36568, 5 mm, black
|
| Back: violet / yellow in tints
|
| Confiscated: 30,071 units (99.6%) with a nominal value of 300,710 marks; 30,101 pieces destroyed, 6,368 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 20 marks
|
|
Printing: Reuss and Itta, Konstanz, on white paper, with watermark "Sutter - S - pattern"; ~ 145 × 94 mm
|
| Mintage: 21,300 pieces with a face value of 426,000 marks
|
| Issue: from December 18, 1918, 13,500 pieces with a face value of 271,000 marks
|
| Front: brown / purple, clichés by Brend'amour, Simhart and Co., Munich; War emergency money from the city / Constance. / Twenty marks / Valid in the city of Constance until February 1, 1919. / Payable at all municipal ticket offices. / Constance November 1918. / The city council. ; Signatures “Dietrich and Bühl / Buhl”; Control numbers: 1 to 21300, 5 mm, black
|
| Back: brown, blue and purple in tones from brown to blue-purple; 20 / twenty marks. / War emergency money from the city of Constance. / 20
|
| Confiscated: 13,523 units (99.8%) with a face value of 270,460 marks; 13,533 pieces destroyed, 7,750 pieces retained for collectors
|
Change 1918 to 1921
| Face value: 50 pfennigs
|
|
|
Print: Reuss and Itta, Konstanz, on white paper with watermark "Sutter - S - pattern", ~ 90 × 60 mm
|
| Mintage: 103,500 pieces with a face value of 51,750 marks
|
| Issue: December 1918 to July 1919, 103,028 pieces with a face value of 51,514 marks
|
| Front: red and green, clichés from Brend'amour, Simhart and Co., Munich ; CITY KONSTANZ / 50 PFENNIG / WAR EMERGENCY
|
| Back: red and green
|
| Confiscated: unknown, 1,000 pieces with a nominal value of 500 marks retained for collectors
|
| Face value: 50 pfennigs
|
|
Print, version 1: Ms. Stadler, Konstanz, on white paper, without watermark, ~ 90 × 60 mm
Print, version 2: Print: AG Preßverein, on white paper, with watermark "Schippen", ~ 90 × 60 mm
|
Edition, version 1: 101,800 pieces with a nominal value of 50,900 marks.
Edition, version 2: 100,000 pieces with a nominal value of 50,000 marks
|
Edition, version 1: July 1919, 3,000 pieces with a nominal value of 1,500 marks
Edition, version 2: July 1919, 98,927 pieces with a nominal value of 49,463.50 marks
|
| Front: red and green; STADT KONSTANZ / PFENNIG 50 / WARNOTGELD / Valid in the city of Constance until further notice . Payable at all municipal cash registers. Constance, July 1919. The city council.
|
| Back: red and green; 50 / PFENNIG
|
| Confiscated: unknown, 98,800 pieces with a nominal value of 49,400 marks retained for collectors
|
Big money 1922
| Face value: 5 marks
|
|
Print: Reuss and Itta, Konstanz, on paper without watermark, ~ 132 × 90 mm
|
| Edition: 8,672 pieces with a face value of 43,360 marks
|
| Issue: from October 23, 1922, 5,300 pieces with a face value of 26,500 marks; later 20,200 pieces with a face value of "50 billion" overprinted
|
| Front: clichés from Bruckmann, Munich ; black; Five marks / emergency money from the city of Konstanz a. Lake Constance / Valid up to 4 weeks after the call for redemption / Konstanz, October 23, 1922 / The Lord Mayor / Signature “Dr. Moericke “ / Design: Benno Eggert
|
| Reverse: clichés from frequenters and Wiest, Stuttgart ; black and pale green; WITH ALL WORRY, EMERGENCY AND PEIN: / THE WORLD STILL HAS SUNSHINE!
|
| Confiscated: four pieces with a face value of 20 marks, all destroyed; ~ 3,300 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Face value: 10 marks
|
|
Print: Reuss and Itta, Konstanz, on paper without watermark, ~ 125 × 95 mm
|
| Mintage: 8,321 pieces with a face value of 83,210 marks
|
| Issue: from October 23, 1922, 5,000 pieces with a face value of 50,000 marks; later 20,400 pieces with face value "100 billion" overprinted
|
| Front: black; Clichés from Bruckmann, Munich; Emergency money / Valid for up to four weeks after the call for redemption / Konstanz am Bodensee / Ten Marks / Konstanz, October 23, 1922 / The Lord Mayor / Signature “Dr. Moericke “ / The house z. High port / apartment of the emperor during the council
|
| Back: black and orange; 10 Mark / O RISE EMPOR MY FATHERLAND, PURIFIED FROM THE TIME FIRE! / 10 Mark / Design: Benno Eggert
|
| Confiscated: four pieces with a face value of 40 marks, all destroyed; ~ 3,300 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 20 marks
|
|
Printing: Ms. Stadler, Konstanz, on paper without watermark, ~ 140 × 90 mm
|
| Mintage: 10,420 pieces with a face value of 208,400 marks
|
| Issue: from October 23, 1922, 6,900 pieces with a face value of 138,000 marks; later 15,500 pieces with a face value of "200 billion" overprinted
|
| Front: clichés from Bruckmann, Munich: illustration “BREADBAKER AT THE KONSTANZER KONZIL”; Gray; Twenty marks / emergency money from the city of Konstanz on Lake Constance // Valid four weeks after the call for redemption / Konstanz, October 23, 1922 / The Lord Mayor "Moericke"
|
| Back: clichés from Pelz, Sigmaringen ; black and ocher; 20 Mark / SCHAFF ', FIGHT' AND DEFEND 'YOU FOR YOUR BREAD / ELSE WILL EAT YOU HUNGER WAR AND DEATH / 20 Mark / Design: Benno Eggert
|
| Confiscated: 188 pieces with a face value of 3,760 marks, all destroyed; ~ 3,300 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Face value: 50 marks
|
|
Printing: Ms. Stadler, Konstanz, on paper without watermarks
|
| Mintage: 13,360 pieces with a face value of 668,000 marks
|
| Issue: from October 23, 1922, 9,900 pieces with a nominal value of 495,000 marks; later 12,540 pieces with face value "500 billion" overprinted
|
| Front side: clichés by Mitler and Wiest, Stuttgart , blue; Emergency money from the city of Konstanz on Lake Constance / Valid up to four weeks after the call for redemption - Fifty Marks - Konstanz, October 23, 1922 / Lord Mayor / Signature “Moericke” / Design: Dr. Benno Eggert
|
| Back: clichés from Bruckmann, Munich; dark blue and red orange
|
| Confiscated: 188 pieces with a face value of 9,400 marks, all destroyed; ~ 3,300 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 100 marks
|
|
Print: O. Wöhrle, Konstanz, on paper with watermark "entwined circles", ~ 165 × 110 mm
|
| Mintage: 26,172 pieces with a face value of 2.6172 million marks
|
| Issue: from October 23, 1922, 16,900 pieces with a face value of 1.69 million marks
|
| Front: clichés from Bruckmann, Munich; violet; EMERGENCY MONEY OF THE CITY KONSTANZ / Hundred Marks / VALID FOR UP TO FOUR WEEKS AFTER CALL FOR REDEEMING / THE LARGER MAYOR / Signature “Dr. Moericke "
|
| Back: purple and orange; 100 - 100 Marks / THE TAP THAT CROWS AND FLARES PALE, THE FARMER DOES AND THINKS WHAT. / 100 Mark - 100
|
| 5,900 pieces with a face value of 590,000 marks retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 100 marks
|
|
Printing: Oberbadische Verlagsanstalt, Konstanz; ~ 160 × 113 mm
|
| Mintage: 53,165 pieces with a face value of 5.3165 million marks
|
| Issue: from October 23, 1922, 11,600 pieces with a face value of 1.16 million marks
|
| Front side: clichés from Mitler and Wiest, Stuttgart; red and black green; 100 - EMERGENCY MONEY / THE CITY / KONSTANZ / AM BODENSEE / Hundred Marks / Valid up to four weeks after the call for redemption / Konstanz, October 23, 1922. The Mayor / Moericke - 100
|
| Back: clichés from Pelz, Sigmaringen; red, yellow-brown and dark green; 100 M - JOHs HUSS / O HUSS, TO TEACH YOUR FAITH / YOU WERE BURNED NIT MORE TODAY / BECAUSE THROUGH BONUS WEIGHTS LIST / THE FIREWOOD IS MUCH TOO EXPENSIVE. / ENWURF Dr. BENNO EGGERT - 100 M.
|
| 37,500 pieces with a face value of 3.75 million marks retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 500 marks
|
|
Print: O. Wöhrle, Konstanz, on paper with watermark "Wave bundle", ~ 180 × 112 mm
|
| Mintage: 11,957 pieces with a face value of 5.9785 million marks
|
| Issue: from October 23, 1922, 5,056 pieces with a face value of 2.528 million marks
|
| Front: clichés from Bruckmann, Munich; purple and salmon red; VALID FOR UP TO FOUR WEEKS AFTER CALL TO REDEEM / Emergency money / 500 M / City of Konstanz aB / DRAFT BY BENNO EGGERT / KONSTANZ / OCTOBER 25, 1922 / THE LARGER MAYOR Signature “Dr. Moericke "
|
| Back: purple and salmon red
|
| 3,300 pieces with a nominal value of 1.65 million marks retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 500 marks
|
|
|
Print: O. Wöhrle, Konstanz, on paper with watermark "Wave bundle", ~ 177 × 115 mm
|
| Mintage: 10,500 pieces with a face value of 5.25 million marks
|
| Issue: from October 23, 1922, 6,600 pieces with a face value of 3.3 million marks
|
| Front: clichés from Pelz, Sigmaringen; black blue and orange; / Signature "Dr. Moericke "
|
| Reverse: clichés from frequenters and Wiest, Stuttgart; black blue and pink
|
| 3,300 pieces with a nominal value of 1.65 million marks retained for collectors
|
Inflation expenditure 1923
The inflation (from lat. Inflatio "swelling," "swelling") referred to in the economics a general and persistent increase in the level of prices of goods and services ( inflation ), equivalent to a reduction in the purchasing power of money.
The issues of the city of Konstanz from 1923 , except for the overprint certificates (“emergency money”), have all been referred to as “vouchers”.
| Nominal: 100,000 marks
|
|
|
Print: Reuss and Itta, Konstanz , on white paper with a watermark pointing to the right or left "Drops", ~ 148 × 98 mm
|
| Edition, version 2 (without printing company): 32,348 pieces with a nominal value of 3.2348 billion marks
|
| Issue: from August 15, 1923, 32,346 pieces (version 2) with a nominal value of 3.2346 billion marks
|
| Front: with stamp “STADT KONSTANZ” and city sign in two circles; Signature " Dr. Moericke "
|
| Back:
|
| Moved in:
|
| Nominal: 500,000 marks
|
|
|
Printed by: Oberbadische Verlagsanstalt, Konstanz, on white paper with watermark "entwined circles", ~ 145 × 75 mm
|
| Circulation: 24,000 pieces with a face value of 12 billion marks
|
| Edition: from August 15, 1923
|
| Front: blue, with stamp “STADT KONSTANZ” and city sign in two circles; Signature " Dr. Moericke "
|
| Back:
|
| Moved in:
|
| Nominal: 1 million marks
|
|
|
Printed by: Oberbadische Verlagsanstalt, Konstanz, on white paper with watermark "entwined circles", ~ 145 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 23,967 pieces with a face value of 23.967 billion marks
|
| Edition: from August 15, 1923
|
| Front: brown, with stamp “STADT KONSTANZ” and city sign in two circles; Signature " Dr. Moericke "
|
| Back:
|
| Moved in:
|
| Nominal: 10 million marks
|
|
|
Print: Stadler, Konstanz, on white paper with watermark "entwined circles", ~ 145 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 15,000 pieces with a face value of 150 billion marks
|
| Edition: from September 19, 1923
|
| Front: black, with the stamp “STADT KONSTANZ” and city sign in two circles; Signature " Dr. Moericke "
|
| Back:
|
| Moved in:
|
| Nominal: 20 million marks
|
|
|
Printing: Stadler, Konstanz; one side on paper with watermark "entwined circles", ~ 145 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 12,500 pieces with a face value of 250 trillion marks
|
| Issued: September 20 to October 11, 1923, 12,500 pieces with a face value of 250 trillion marks
|
| Front: blue; Control numbers № * 00001 to 12500, black, 4.5 mm; Signature " Dr. Moericke "
|
| Back:
|
| Confiscated: 4,748 units (37.0%) with a face value of 94.96 trillion marks; 3,748 pieces destroyed, 1,000 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 1 billion marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided, green on a yellow-brown underprint on white paper with watermark "entwined circles", ~ 150 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 7,928 pieces with a face value of 7,928 trillion marks
|
| Issue: October 15 to 26, 1923, 7,885 pieces with a face value of 7.885 trillion marks
|
| Front: control numbers № 000001 to 007928 *, green, 4.5 mm; Signature " Dr. Moericke "
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Moved in:
|
| Nominal: 1 billion marks
|
|
|
Printing: one-sided, green on white paper; ~ 150 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 14,100 pieces with a face value of 14.1 trillion marks
|
| Issued: October 15 to November 7, 1923, 14,100 pieces with a face value of 14.1 trillion marks
|
| Front: control numbers № xxxxxx *; Signature " Dr. Moericke "
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Moved in:
|
| Nominal: 5 billion marks
|
|
|
Printing: Reuss & Itta, Konstanz; type set printing on one side, black on yellow, ~ 140 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 62,727 pieces with a face value of 313.635 quadrillion marks
|
| Issued: October 25, 1923, 62,727 pieces with a face value of 313.635 trillion marks
|
| Front: Coupon 5 № 00001 (black, 4.6 mm) to 62,727 / five billion marks / Valid until four weeks after the call for redemption / Stadtkasse Konstanz / Konstanz , signature " Dr. Moericke "
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Confiscated: 52,915 units (84.3%) with a face value of 264.575 quadrillion marks; 51,915 pieces destroyed, 1,000 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 10 billion marks
|
|
|
Printing: Oberbadische Verlagsanstalt Konstanz; brown and purple type printing on one side on white paper with watermark "entwined circles", ~ 145 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 61,200 pieces with a face value of 612 quadrillion marks
|
| Issue: October 26 to November 8, 1923, 61,200 pieces with a face value of 612 quadrillion marks
|
| Front: 10,000,000,000 marks - voucher / from the city of Konstanz for / ten billion marks / valid for up to 4 weeks after the call for redemption / Konstanz, (on) October 25, 1923 / № xxxxx to xxxxx * (brown, 5 mm) - The City Council: Signature “ Dr. Moericke "- 10,000,000,000 marks
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Confiscated: 56,112 units (92%) with a face value of 561.12 quadrillion marks; 55,112 destroyed, 1,000 retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 20 billion marks
|
|
|
Printing: F. Stadtler, Konstanz; one-sided type print, purple-red on greenish-gray on white paper with watermark "entwined circles", ~ 155 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 60,000 pieces with a face value of 1.2 trillion marks
|
| Issue: from October 26, 1923, 60,000 pieces with a face value of 1.2 trillion marks
|
| Front: Voucher from the city of Konstanz / over / TWENTY BILLIONS / 20000000000 MARK 20000000000 / Valid for up to 4 weeks after the call for redemption / Konstanz, October 26, 1923 / The city council: / № xxxxx * (purple red, 4.5 mm) - signature " Dr. Moericke "- 20,000,000,000 M.
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Confiscated: 55,127 units (92.0%) with a face value of 1.10254 trillion marks; 54,129 pieces destroyed, 998 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 50 billion to 5 marks
|
|
|
Printing: Reuss and Itta, Konstanz; on paper without watermark, ~ 132 × 90 mm
overprint: J. Kuttruff, Konstanz; brown to light red, diagonally across the surface (front and back) and on the left edge
|
| Mintage: 20,200 pieces with a face value of 1.02 trillion marks
|
| Issue: November 5 to 9, 1923, 20,150 pieces with a face value of 1.00705 trillion marks
|
| Front: clichés from Bruckmann, Munich ; black; Five marks / emergency money from the city of Konstanz a. Lake Constance / Valid up to 4 weeks after the call for redemption / Konstanz, October 23, 1922 / The Lord Mayor / Signature “Dr. Moericke “ / Design: Benno Eggert ; + Overpressure
|
| Reverse: clichés from frequenters and Wiest, Stuttgart ; black and pale green; WITH ALL WORRY, EMERGENCY AND PEIN: / THE WORLD STILL HAS SUNSHINE! ; without city stamp; + Overpressure
|
| Confiscated: 18,983 units (94.2%) with a face value of 949.15 quadrillion marks; 17,983 pieces destroyed, 1,000 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 100 billion to 10 marks
|
|
|
Print: Reuss and Itta, Konstanz, on paper without watermark, ~ 125 × 95 mm
Overprint: KA Schwarz, Konstanz
|
| Mintage: 20,400 pieces with a face value of 2.04 quadrillion marks
|
| Issue: November 5 to 9, 1923, 20,347 pieces with a face value of 2.0347 trillion marks
|
| Front: black; Clichés from Bruckmann, Munich; Emergency money / Valid for up to four weeks after the call for redemption / Konstanz am Bodensee / Ten Marks / Konstanz, October 23, 1922 / The Lord Mayor / Signature “Dr. Moericke “ / The house z. High port / residence of the emperor during the council ; red overprint diagonally across the surface, control numbers: 1 to 20,400, 4.5 mm
|
| Back: black and orange; 10 Mark / O RISE EMPOR MY FATHERLAND, PURIFIED FROM THE TIME FIRE! / 10 Mark / Design: Benno Eggert ; red overprint diagonally across the surface
|
| Confiscated: 19,407 units (95.4%) with a nominal value of 1.9407 quadrillion marks; 18,427 pieces destroyed, 980 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 200 billion on 20 marks
|
|
|
Print: Ms. Stadler, Konstanz, on paper without watermark, ~ 140 × 90 mm
Overprint: H. Schatz, Konstanz
|
| Mintage: 15,500 pieces with a face value of 3.1 quadrillion marks
|
| Issue: November 7-11, 1923, 15,432 pieces with a face value of 3.0864 trillion marks
|
| Front: clichés from Bruckmann, Munich: illustration “BREADBAKER AT THE KONSTANZER KONZIL”; Gray; Twenty marks / emergency money from the city of Konstanz on Lake Constance // Valid four weeks after the call for redemption / Konstanz, October 23, 1922 / The Lord Mayor “Moericke” ; red overprint two hundred billion diagonally across the surface, control numbers 1 to 15.5000, 4.6 mm
|
| Back: clichés from Pelz, Sigmaringen ; black and ocher; 20 Mark / SCHAFF ', FIGHT' AND DEFEND 'YOU FOR YOUR BREAD / ELSE WILL EAT YOU HUNGER WAR AND DEATH / 20 Mark / Design: Benno Eggert ; red overprint Two hundred billion diagonally across the surface
|
| Confiscated: 14,301 pieces (92.7%) with a face value of 2.8602 quadrillion marks; 13,301 pieces destroyed, 1,000 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 500 billion to 50 marks
|
|
|
Printing: Ms. Stadler, Konstanz, on paper without watermark
Overprint: H. Schatz, Konstanz
|
| Mintage: 12,540 pieces with a face value of 6.27 quadrillion marks
|
| Issue: apparently not issued
|
| Front side: clichés by Mitler and Wiest, Stuttgart , blue; Emergency money from the city of Konstanz on Lake Constance / Valid up to four weeks after the call for redemption - Fifty Marks - Konstanz, October 23, 1922 / Lord Mayor / Signature “Moericke” / Design: Dr. Benno Eggert ; red overprint diagonally across the surface, control numbers 1 to 12,540, 4.6 mm
|
| Back: clichés from Bruckmann, Munich; dark blue and red orange; red overprint diagonally across the surface
|
| Recovered: 12,540 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 50 billion marks
|
|
|
Pressure:
|
| Mintage: 8,600 pieces with a face value of 430 trillion marks
|
| Issue: November 10 to 23, 1923, 8,600 pieces with a face value of 430 trillion marks
|
| Front: yellow-brown, "Kreuzlinger Tor" (illustration from the 13th century), control numbers 0001 to 8600, 4 mm / black
|
| Back:
|
| Confiscated: 6,897 units (82%) with a face value of 344.85 trillion marks; 5,537 pieces destroyed, 1,360 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 100 billion marks
|
|
|
Pressure:
|
| Mintage: 6,500 pieces with a face value of 650 trillion marks
|
| Issue: November 10 to 23, 1923, 6,500 pieces with a face value of 650 trillion marks
|
| Front: olive, "Schottentor" (illustration from the 14th century), control numbers 0001 to 6500, 4 mm / black
|
| Back:
|
| Confiscated: 5,499 units (84.6%) with a face value of 549.9 trillion marks; 4,499 pieces destroyed, 1,000 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 200 billion marks
|
|
|
Pressure:
|
| Mintage: 6,400 pieces with a face value of 1.28 quadrillion marks
|
| Issued: November 10-21, 1923, 6,400 pieces with a face value of 1.28 quadrillion marks
|
| Front: blue, "Emmishofer Tor" (illustration from the 14th century)
|
| Back:
|
| Confiscated: 5,587 units (87.3%) with a nominal value of 1.1174 quadrillion marks; 4,637 destroyed, 950 retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 500 billion marks
|
|
|
Pressure:
|
| Mintage: 10,700 pieces with a face value of 5.35 quadrillion marks
|
| Issue: November 10 to 23, 1923, 10,700 pieces with a face value of 5.35 quadrillion marks
|
| Front: olive green, "Luckenhäusli"
|
| Back:
|
| Confiscated: 10,152 units (94.6%) with a face value of 5.076 trillion marks; 8,552 pieces destroyed, 1,600 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 1 trillion marks
|
|
|
Pressure:
|
| Mintage: 10,900 pieces with a face value of 10.9 quadrillion marks
|
| Issued: November 10-22, 1923, 10,900 pieces with a face value of 10.9 quadrillion marks
|
| Front: purple, " Dominican monastery " (17th century illustration)
|
| Back:
|
| Confiscated: 10,443 units (95.8%) with a face value of 10.443 trillion marks; 9,243 pieces destroyed, 1,200 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 100 billion marks
|
|
Print: green; ~ 140 × 108 mm
|
| Mintage: 24,800 pieces with a face value of 2.48 quadrillion marks
|
| Issued: November 8, 1923, 24,800 pieces with a face value of 2.48 quadrillion marks
|
| Front: 100 - VOUCHER - 100 / TOWN CONSTANCE / AM BODENSEE / HUNDRED / BILLION / MARK / VALID UNTIL 4 WEEKS AFTER CALL / FOR REDEMPTION. KONSTANZ November 8, 1923 / THE CITY COUNCIL: Signature “ Moericke ”; Control numbers 00001 to 248000, 5 mm, black
|
| Back: townscape and St. Konrad , signature: A. KRUMM; 100 • BILLION • 100 / ST. CONRAD ANNIVERSARY / 1923
|
| Confiscated: 18,017 units (72.7%) with a face value of 1.8017 quadrillion marks; 16,017 pieces destroyed, 2,000 pieces retained for collectors
|
| Nominal: 1 trillion marks
|
|
Print: blue on light blue; ~ 145 × 96 mm
|
| Mintage: 24,800 pieces with a face value of 24.8 quadrillion marks
|
| Issue: 24,800 pieces with a face value of 24.8 quadrillion marks
|
| Front: Voucher from the city of Konstanz for / One Billion / Valid for up to 4 weeks after the call for redemption / Konstanz, November 8, 1923 / № xxxxx * (00001 to 24800; 5 mm, blue) The City Council: Signature + Billion Mark 1 Billion Pith (vertical)
0 |
| Back: St. Konrad Jubilee 1923 / 1 trillion Mark + bust St. Konrad from Konradihaus + St. Konrad Jubilee 1923 / 1 trillion mark
|
| Confiscated: 22,435 units (90.5%) with a face value of 22.435 quadrillion marks; 20,635 pieces destroyed, 1,800 pieces retained for collectors
|
Dresdner Bank
Some of the bank checks put into circulation by Dresdner Bank in 1923 were not officially regarded as emergency money.
| Nominal: 500,000 marks
|
|
|
Print: Eugen Rotzinger, Konstanz, lithography on white paper without watermark, perforated on the left, ~ 150 × 98 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Issued: August 17, 1923
|
| Front: black on red; № × × × × × × * (black, 4.5 mm) DB (logo) - M. " 500'000 " (handwritten) / DIE DRESDNER BANK / BUSINESS OFFICE KONSTANZ / IN KONSTANZ / want to pay against this check from my-ours Credit / to / or bearer / mark / place / the __ th 1923. / Checks in which a payment deadline is specified will not be paid. - Number series from 500000 descending to 500
|
| Back:
|
| Moved in:
|
Interlocking tile factory Blattner and Kramer
The company, which was founded around 1874 in Schneckenburgstrasse as the " Falzziegelwerk " ( Falzziegelwerk ), operated from 1903 as the " Falzziegelwerk Blattner und Kramer ".
Big money 1922
| Nominal: 100 marks
|
|
|
Printing: Buchdruckerei Reuß & Itta, Konstanz, one-sided, black on green on white paper with watermarks "drops" pointing to the right or left, ~ 129 × 100 mm
|
| Edition: October 14 to December 31, 1922
|
| Front: no. Handwritten control number ____ edition A. Mk. 100.– / voucher for one hundred marks / issued due to lack of legal cash. / Süddeutsche Diskontogesellschaft AG, Konstanz branch, writes the consignor of this voucher the equivalent value at our expense. / Konstanz, October 14, 1922 / Sheetner & Kramer folded tile factory / handwritten signatures “ Dafinger ” and “ v. Goedecke ”/ The consignment to the Süddeutsche Diskontogesellschaft in Konstanz must be made by December 31, 1922 at the latest. The notes must have the handwritten signature of two authorized signatories. / Without a number and without a signature, this voucher is invalid. / Reuss & Itta book printing company, Constance
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Nominal: 500 marks
|
|
|
Printing: Buchdruckerei Reuß & Itta, Konstanz, one-sided, black on brown on white paper with watermarks "drops" pointing to the right or left, ~ 129 × 100 mm
|
| Edition: October 14 to December 31, 1922
|
| Front: no. Handwritten control number ____ edition A. Mk. 500.– / voucher for five hundred marks / issued due to lack of legal cash. / Süddeutsche Diskontogesellschaft AG, Konstanz branch, writes the consignor of this voucher the equivalent value at our expense. / Konstanz, October 14, 1922 / Sheetner & Kramer folded tile factory / handwritten signatures “ Dafinger ” and “ v. Goedecke ”/ The consignment to the Süddeutsche Diskontogesellschaft in Konstanz must be made by December 31, 1922 at the latest. The notes must have the handwritten signature of two authorized signatories. / Without a number and without a signature, this voucher is invalid. / Reuss & Itta book printing company, Constance
|
| Back: ./.
|
Big money 1923
| Face value: 500,000 to 100 marks
|
|
|
Printing: Buchdruckerei Reuß & Itta, Konstanz, one-sided, black on green on white paper with watermarks "drops" pointing to the right or left, ~ 129 × 100 mm
Overprint: black bar and new, red value 500,000 marks
|
| Front: no. Handwritten control number ____ edition A. Mk. 100.– / voucher for one hundred marks / issued due to lack of legal cash. / Süddeutsche Diskontogesellschaft AG, Konstanz branch, writes the consignor of this voucher the equivalent value at our expense. / Konstanz, October 14, 1922 / Sheetner & Kramer folded tile factory / handwritten signatures “ Dafinger ” and “ v. Goedecke ”/ The consignment to the Süddeutsche Diskontogesellschaft in Konstanz must be made by December 31, 1922 at the latest. The notes must have the handwritten signature of two authorized signatories. / Without a number and without a signature, this voucher is invalid. / Reuss & Itta book printing company, Constance
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Nominal: 1,000,000 to 500 marks
|
|
|
Printing: Buchdruckerei Reuß & Itta, Konstanz, one-sided, black on brown on white paper with watermarks "drops" pointing to the right or left, ~ 129 × 100 mm
Overprint: black bar and new, red value 1,000,000 marks
|
| Edition: October 14 to December 31, 1922
|
| Front: no. Handwritten control number ____ edition A. Mk. 500.– / voucher for five hundred marks / issued due to lack of legal cash. / Süddeutsche Diskontogesellschaft AG, Konstanz branch, writes the consignor of this voucher the equivalent value at our expense. / Konstanz, October 14, 1922 / Sheetner & Kramer folded tile factory / handwritten signatures “ Dafinger ” and “ v. Goedecke ”/ The consignment to the Süddeutsche Diskontogesellschaft in Konstanz must be made by December 31, 1922 at the latest. The notes must have the handwritten signature of two authorized signatories. / Without a number and without a signature, this voucher is invalid. / Reuss & Itta book printing company, Constance
|
| Back: ./.
|
Chamber of Commerce
In Baden, towards the end of the inflationary period, it became apparent that the transition from the devalued paper mark to the Rentenmark was not possible without further spending on emergency money. First, the Chambers of Commerce in Karlsruhe, Pforzheim and Mannheim issued emergency money of stable value, later - following a decision of November 9, 1923 - the Upper Baden Chambers of Commerce in Freiburg, Konstanz, Lahr, Schopfheim and Villingen followed with joint expenditure. To distinguish between the issues, the chambers of commerce marked their notes with different colored cut-outs: Konstanz = green, Freiburg = red, Villingen = yellow, Lahr = violet and Schopfheim = black.
On November 15, 1923, the Chamber of Commerce money was issued, a total of around five million gold marks .
On February 10 of the following year, the emergency money was called for March 10, 1924. In the Konstanz district, the Rheinische Kreditbank was appointed as trustee for the move. After deducting a commission of at least 10 Rentenpfennig per note or 1.5% for immediate payment and 1% for payment within six months, the emergency money was exchanged for Rentenmark.
| Nominal: 21 gold pennies = 1/20 dollars
|
|
|
Printing: one-sided, black on ultramin on white paper with watermark "Bottle pattern", ~ 80 × 50 mm
|
| Issue: November 15, 1923 to around mid-December 1923
|
| Front: Emergency money / of the Chambers of Commerce in Freiburg, Konstanz, Lahr, Schopfheim, Villingen / over / 21 gold pfennig = 1/20 dollar (North America) / stable bond from the German Empire. / The holder of this emergency note can within one month after / request the exchange in treasury notes of the stable / bond of the German Reich or, in return for the issue of the / note, the payment of an equivalent amount at the offices to be notified. / Issued with the permission of the Reich Minister of Finance. / The chambers of commerce for / Freiburg, Konstanz, Lahr, Schopfheim, Villingen // This emergency banknote is covered by depositing / by treasury notes of the stable value / loan of the German Reich.
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Face value: 42 gold pennies = 1/10 dollars
|
|
|
Print: one-sided, black on brown, on white paper with watermark "Bottle pattern", ~ 80 × 50 mm
|
| Issue: November 15, 1923 to around mid-December 1923
|
| Front: Emergency money / of the Chambers of Commerce in Freiburg, Konstanz, Lahr, Schopfheim, Villingen / over / 42 gold pfennig = 1/10 dollars (North America) / stable bond from the German Empire. / The holder of this emergency note can within one month after / request the exchange in treasury notes of the stable / bond of the German Reich or, in return for the issue of the / note, the payment of an equivalent amount at the offices to be notified. / Issued with the permission of the Reich Minister of Finance. / The chambers of commerce for / Freiburg, Konstanz, Lahr, Schopfheim, Villingen // This emergency banknote is covered by depositing / by treasury notes of the stable value / loan of the German Reich.
|
| Nominal: 1.05 gold marks = 1/4 dollar
|
|
Printing: one-sided, black on green, on white paper with watermark "Bottle pattern", ~ 110 × 70 mm
|
| Issue: November 15, 1923 to around mid-December 1923
|
| Obverse: Emergency note / of the Chambers of Commerce in Freiburg, Konstanz, Lahr, Schopfheim, Villingen / over / 1.05 Mark Gold = 1/4 Dollar (North America) / Stable bond from the German Empire. / The holder of this emergency note can within one month after / request the exchange in treasury notes of the stable / bond of the German Reich or, in return for the issue of the / note, the payment of an equivalent amount at the offices to be notified. / Issued with the permission of the Reich Minister of Finance. / The chambers of commerce for / Freiburg, Konstanz, Lahr, Schopfheim, Villingen // This emergency banknote is covered by depositing / by treasury notes of the stable value / loan of the German Reich.
|
| Nominal: 2.10 gold marks = 1/2 dollar
|
|
Printing: without printing company; one-sided, black on yellow to orange, on white paper with watermark "bottle pattern", ~ 110 × 70 mm
|
| Issue: November 15, 1923 to around mid-December 1923
|
| Front: Emergency money / of the Chambers of Commerce in Freiburg, Konstanz, Lahr, Schopfheim, Villingen / over / 2.10 gold marks = 1/2 dollar (North America) / stable bond from the German Empire. / The holder of this emergency note can within one month after / request the exchange in treasury notes of the stable / bond of the German Reich or, in return for the issue of the / note, the payment of an equivalent amount at the offices to be notified. / Issued with the permission of the Reich Minister of Finance. / The chambers of commerce for / Freiburg, Konstanz, Lahr, Schopfheim, Villingen // This emergency banknote is covered by depositing / by treasury notes of the stable value / loan of the German Reich.
|
Holzverkohlungs-Industrie AG
The Holzverkohlungs-Industrie AG (HIAG) founded in 1866 , originally a manufacturer of wood tar products , had to issue emergency money in 1923. This was announced on August 15 and called for redemption on August 30 with a 14-day period.
| Nominal: 1 million marks
|
|
Printing: lithography; Eugen Rotzinger, Constance; one-sided, black on light blue on white paper with watermark "sixteen diamonds", ~ 100 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 17,500 pieces with a face value of 1.75 billion marks
|
| Issue: August 15 to October 15, 1923 at the latest
|
| Front side: The delivery to the banks mentioned must be made by October 15th 23 at the latest. (vertical) / № xxxxx (control numbers 0001 to 5000 (4.5 mm, black) and 7501 to 17500 (4.2 mm, black)) Issue A Mk. 1000000.– / voucher for one million marks + HIAG (pierced) / issued due to lack of statutory Cash / The Rheinische Creditbank Konstanz, Dresdner Bank Konstanz, Gewerbe- u. Handelsbank Konstanz, Südd. Diskontobank Konstanz will credit the consignor of this voucher with the equivalent value at our expense. / Constance, August 15, 1923. / Holzbeschohlungs-Industrie A. G. / Siegel + Signatures / This voucher is invalid without number, without the designated signatures and without perforation with HIAG.
|
| Nominal: 2 million marks
|
|
|
Printing: lithography; Eugen Rotzinger, Constance; one-sided, black on gray on white paper with watermark "sixteen diamonds" ~ 100 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 2,500 pieces with a face value of 5 billion marks
|
| Issue: August 15 to October 15, 1923 at the latest
|
| Front: control numbers: 5001 to 7500 (occupies 5060 to 7255), black, 4.2 mm; Signatures: Hochstetter or Schneider
|
| Back: ./.
|
L. Stromeyer and Co.
The Stromeyer company was founded on April 16, 1872 in Romanshorn in the Swiss canton of Thurgau by Julius Landauer and Ludwig Stromeyer . In order to be present on the German market, the company was moved to Münzgasse in Konstanz in 1873. Waterproof fabrics were made, which were mainly used by railway companies and the military. In 1878 the company started manufacturing large circus tents and opened a weaving mill in Weiler im Allgäu . In the same year co-founder Landauer left the company, but three years later the company name (company) in was L. Strohmeyer & Co. changed. In 1885 a 150,000 m² site was bought on the Seerhein in Constance and a factory was built that gave its name to the Stromeyersdorf district.
The stamps on the back of all issues came in two types of 'four-line' (88 × 22 mm) and 'five-line' text (87 × 35 mm): This voucher is issued by Bayer. Vereinsbank branch Weiler i. General and the district savings bank Weiler i. General accepted for credit .
Issues dated in Constance
| Nominal: 500,000 marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided lithography on white paper with watermark "Parquet pattern", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Edition: August 22, 1923 to November 15, 1923 at the latest
|
| Front: black on yellow, signature " L. Stromeyer Co. "
|
| Back: blank, with four (also inverted) or five-line (also inverted) stamp
|
| Nominal: 500,000 marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided lithography on white paper with watermark "Parquet pattern", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Edition: August 22, 1923 to January 15, 1924 at the latest
|
| Front: black on yellow
|
| Back: blank or with a four-line (also inverted) stamp
|
| Nominal: 1 million marks
|
|
Printing: one-sided lithography, black on light blue on white paper with watermark "Parquet pattern", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Mintage: 2,000 pieces with a face value of two billion marks
|
| Issue: August 22, 1923 to November 15, 1923 at the latest, 2,000 pieces with a face value of two billion marks
|
| Front side: The delivery to the banks mentioned must be made by November 15, 1923 at the latest. / Issue A / № xxxxx (30001 to 32000, 4.2 mm, black) + Mk. 1000000.- / Voucher for one million marks issued due to lack of legal cash / The Rheinische Creditbank branch, Süddeutsche Diskonto-Gesellschaft branch, Dresdner Bank The office, Gewerbe- und Handelsbank eGmbH in KONSTANZ will credit the owner of this voucher with the equivalent value at our expense. / Konstanz, August 22, 1923. / Signature “L. Stromeyer Co. ”/ Without a signature and number, this voucher is invalid.
|
| Back: blank, with four (also upside down) or five line stamp “ This voucher is from Bayer. Vereinsbank branch Weiler i. General and the district savings bank Weiler i. General accepted for credit. "
|
| Nominal: 1 million marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided lithography on white paper with watermark "Parquet pattern", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Edition: August 22, 1923 to January 15, 1924 at the latest
|
| Front: black on light blue; Control numbers 40001 to 50000, 4.0 mm, black
|
| Back: blank, with four or five line stamp
|
| Nominal: 2 million marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided lithography on white paper with watermark "Parquet pattern", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Edition: August 22, 1923 to November 15, 1923 at the latest
|
| Front: black on gray purple
|
| Back: blank, with four (also inverted) or five-line stamp
|
| Nominal: 2 million marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided lithography on white paper with watermark "Parquet pattern", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Edition: August 22, 1923 to January 15, 1924
|
| Front: black on gray purple; Control numbers: 65001 to 70000, 4.0 mm, black
|
| Reverse: blank, with four- (also standing) or five-line stamp
|
Vouchers dated in Weiler im Allgäu
| Nominal: 5 billion marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided lithography on white paper with watermark "Parquet pattern", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Edition: October 31, 1923 to January 15, 1924 at the latest
|
| Front: black on yellow; Control numbers: 0001 to 6000, 4.0 mm, black
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Nominal: 10 billion marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided lithography on white paper with watermark "Parquet pattern", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Edition: October 31, 1923 to January 15, 1924 at the latest
|
| Front: black on light blue; Control numbers: 9501 to 12500, 4.5 mm, black
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Nominal: 20 billion marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided lithography on white paper with watermark "Parquet pattern", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Edition: October 31, 1923 to January 15, 1924 at the latest
|
| Front: black on purple; Control numbers: 6001 to 9500, 4.5 mm, black
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Nominal: 20 billion marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided lithography on white paper with watermark "Parquet pattern", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Edition: October 31, 1923 to January 15, 1924 at the latest
|
| Front: black on purple; Control numbers: 0001 to 5000, 4.5 mm
|
| Back: ./.
|
Checks dated in Weiler im Allgäu
| Nominal: 20,000,000 marks
|
|
|
Printing: Gebrüder Parcus, Munich ; one-sided on white paper with watermark "contour chains", ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Issued: October 8, 1923
|
| Front: green; Control numbers: 4.0 mm, black
|
| Back: ./.
|
| Nominal: 100,000,000 marks
|
|
|
Print: one-sided on white paper without watermark, ~ 121 × 75 mm
|
| Edition:
|
| Issued: September 29, 1923
|
| Front: black on pink; Control numbers: 3.7 mm, black
|
| Back: ./.
|
destruction
The city's 222,034 emergency money notes withdrawn from circulation - around ten quintals after all - were burned in the city gas works between June 23, 1919 and April 1924.
literature
- Dr. Jens-Uwe Rixen: Emergency money issues in the Baden Lake Constance area 1914-1918 (Part 1) . In: HEGAU - magazine for history, folklore and natural history of the area between the Rhine, Danube and Lake Constance; Yearbook 1984/85 . Self-published by the Hegau history association Singen e. V., Singen (Hohentwiel) September 1986.
- Hans-Ludwig Grabowski and Manfred Mehl: German emergency money: German serial notes 1918 - 1922: 2 volumes (volume 1: A - K, volume 2: L - Z) . 3. Edition. 1 and 2. Battenberg Gietl Verlag, Regenstauf 2009, ISBN 978-3-86646-518-3 .
- Anton Geiger: Deutsches Notgeld: The German large emergency money from 1918 to 1921: Catalog of all emergency money notes with a face value of 1 to 100 marks . 3. Edition. tape 3 . Battenberg Gietl Verlag, Regenstauf 2010, ISBN 978-3-86646-533-6 .
- Manfred Müller: German emergency money: The emergency money notes of German inflation: from August 1922 to June 1923 . 3. Edition. tape 4 . Battenberg Gietl Verlag, Regenstauf 2010, ISBN 978-3-86646-534-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
-
↑ Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon , accessed on July 25, 2015.
-
↑ What is inflation? European Central Bank (ECB), accessed September 4, 2012.
.jpg)
.jpg)
_VS.png)
