Dominican Island
| Dominican Island | ||
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| Waters | Constance funnel , Obersee (Lake Constance) | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 39 '51 " N , 9 ° 10' 42" E | |
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| length | 246 m | |
| width | 100 m | |
| surface | 1,831 8 ha | |
| Residents | 21st (2008) 1146 inhabitants / km² |
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| main place | Steigenberger Inselhotel | |
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The Dominikanerinsel or Konstanzer Insel is an island in Lake Constance immediately east of the (mainland) old town of Konstanz . With an area of 1.8 hectares , it is one of the smaller Lake Constance islands . The island is separated from the old town by the city moat, which is only six meters wide, and connected to it by a bridge. It is dominated by the Steigenberger Inselhotel, which is housed in a former Dominican monastery .
geography
The Dominican Island is 246 meters long and up to 100 meters wide from north to south.
In the west, the 210-meter-long, but only six-meter-wide city moat separates the island from the old town district of Niederburg. The shallow city moat, over which a bridge leads, used to be much wider and was partially filled in for the construction of the railway line. The island is hardly recognizable as such, as the narrow city moat is only visible to walkers who are on the Susostig on the sea front of the old town. The Konstanz train station and the harbor on the same level are located a good 600 meters south of the bridge. The way there leads past the city garden.
In the south is the swan pond between the island and the city park (city garden) that was built up in 1880. Even after the city garden area has been filled in, the swan pond is not a closed pond , but merges into the city moat in the northwest, and connects to the open Lake Constance via a 15 meter wide narrow point in the southeast (between the island and the city garden). This connection falls dry at low tide. The swan pond is almost 90 meters long and up to 30 meters wide, it occupies an area of around 1,800 square meters.
The northern tip of the island is 30 meters from the Old Rhine Bridge , where the Seerhein leaves the Obersee of Lake Constance in the direction of Untersee . To the north of the main building is the Kapitelhaus , which has served as accommodation for the hotel staff for decades. The hotel car park is between the two buildings. To the north and east of it are the two boiler houses, which were built for the hotel in the 1960s and 1970s.
In the east is the open Lake Constance ( Konstanzer funnel ). Here is the lakeside terrace of the hotel restaurant, as well as the hotel's own lido with sunbathing area to the south. There is a pavilion at the southern tip .
The tomb of Manuel Chrysoloras , who died there during the Council of Constance, is located in the centrally located hotel building .
The island belongs to the old town district of Constance . As of December 31, 2008, 21 people were registered with their main residence on the Dominican Island.
history
Early history
On the southwestern Lake Constance and in the area of today's city of Konstanz, the remains of Neolithic villages were found some distance from the shore , including in the swan pond, which lies between the southern shore of the Dominican Island and the city garden, which was filled in in 1880. Found wood fragments and entire pile structures were dated to the fifth and third millennium BC. Chr. Dated.
Other bank settlements in the Bay of Constance , also pile dwellings, were added to the younger Stone Age around 2200 to 1800 BC. Dated.
End of the 2nd century BC Celts lived in fishing settlements in the area of today's Constance and the Dominican Island.
Roman history
The Roman rule in the area around Lake Constance began around the year 15th With the shift of the imperial borders to the Rhine under Emperor Augustus . There was previously a Celtic oppidum in the urban area . In the 1st century, a Roman fortification was built in the area of the cathedral hill . The area south of Lake Constance belonged to the province of Raetia until the end of Roman rule around the year 400 .
With the conquest of the Dekumatland by the Alemanni in the 3rd century, the imperial border was moved back to the Danube-Iller-Rhine-Limes . In the course of this, the fortifications in Constance, which has since become a border town, were expanded.
Early middle ages
Little is known about this period. According to legend, the island is said to have housed a Merovingian castle .
In 780 Charlemagne was a guest on the island while passing through.
In 1100 Bishop Gebhard III was looking for von Zähringen took refuge here during the investiture dispute .
Dominican monastery
According to various sources, the island was handed over to the Dominicans in 1220, and in 1234, by order of the Prince-Bishop of Constance, Heinrich von Tanne, it was assigned as the place to build a monastery, which was finally founded in 1236.
The chapter house 25 meters north of the monastery building was built long before the monastery was founded.
The mystic and poet Heinrich Suso was born in Constance around 1300 and later became a monk in the Dominican monastery on the island.
At the beginning of the Council of Constance , from December 6, 1414 to March 24, 1415, Jan Hus was imprisoned in the dungeon of the monastery. This was housed in the basement of the round tower on the eastern lake facade next to the Dominican dining room. During the council the delegation of the French nation was housed in the chapter house.
In 1507 Maximilian I held festivals in the Inselgarten during the Reichstag in Constance .
From 1528 to 1549 the monastery building served temporarily as a hospital for the city of Konstanz, but was then returned to the monks.
In 1633, during the Thirty Years War , the Swedish fleet attacked the Dominican Island.
In 1785 the monks were finally driven from the island by the Austrian Emperor Joseph II , who was more interested in the flourishing trade than the mendicant monks. On July 26, 1785, the last mass was celebrated in the church on the island, and the monastery closed the next day. Other monasteries in the area, apart from the Zoffingen monastery , were also closed.
Business
Already on June 30, 1785, before the monastery was closed, Emperor Joseph II left the island to the Geneva manufacturer and banker Jacques Louis (Jakob Ludwig) Macaire de L'Or (1740-1824), with the buildings, for a small payment annual rent of 25 florins , to set up a Indienne -Fabrik with Indigo -Färberei. In addition, he was the first to do banking in what was then Konstanz. Among his customers was Hortense de Beauharnais , Queen of Holland and mother of Emperor Napoleon III. , and Stéphanie de Beauharnais , Grand Duchess of Baden . Jacques Louis Macaire was one of 270 Geneva emigrants who had fled Geneva to Constance because of the political turmoil at the end of the 18th century . Therefore the Dominican Island was also called Geneva Island or Macair Island .
The company's founder's sons, David and Kaspar Macaire , were able to buy the island for 6500 guilders on August 29, 1813 . They continued the business of their father under the name "Macaires frères". With the invention of aniline dyes , however, the factory's earning power began to suffer and was liquidated by his heirs after the death of Moritz Macaire (1815–1867), the grandson of the company founder . With the death of the unmarried Moritz, the Macaire family died out in the male line .
The banking house "Macaire & Compagnie" founded by Moritz Macaire in 1836 on Dominican Island existed until 1921 when it was taken over by the "Süddeutsche Discontogesellschaft", an offshoot of the " Deutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft ". At that time, Macaire & Co. had already relocated from Dominican Island to Konstanzer Bahnhofstrasse 1. There were also branches in Radolfzell , Überlingen and Pfullendorf .
In a local dictionary from 1868, the "Geneva Island" is listed with a population of 18. Later, official gazetteers no longer showed the island as a separate district.
Hotel operations
development
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The last section of the island's history, the hotel industry, was initiated by Eberhard von Zeppelin , the brother of the better-known Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin . Eberhard initially worked as a diplomat and after his return to the island worked in the family's Macaire Bank . His mother, Amélie, was born Macaire d'Hogguèr.
Ferdinand Zeppelin was born on July 8, 1838 on the Dominican Island in Konstanz in what is now the Inselhotel.
On the one hand because of the decreasing profitability of the factory, on the other hand because of the summer vacation tourism (mainly of the European nobility) that started with the construction of the railway (1863 connection of Constance ) and the subsequent demand for accommodation, Eberhard had the idea to close the factory building or the former Dominican monastery to remodel a hotel. As early as December 1874, today's ballroom, the former nave , served as a concert hall. The so-called Diemer Insel-Hotel was officially opened on April 15, 1875.
At the end of 1871, the city of Konstanz, initiated by the mayor at the time, Max Stromeyer , decided to fill up land on a large scale east of the railway line. The goal was a continuous shoreline from the port to the Rhine bridge. The land obtained in this way was intended for development with villas for wealthy (new) citizens. The landfill should also make the Dominican island disappear. The owners successfully defended themselves against this plan in court in 1875–76. The subsequent landfill left out the Dominican Island, which is why the new shoreline is interrupted by the “Gondola Harbor” and the “Swan Pond”. The newly gained area was planted with trees and meadows and soon became a popular park as the “city garden”.
In 1903, Eberhard von Zeppelin entrusted the couple Rosaly and Matthys Brunner from Glarus with the management of the hotel. In 1907 the Brunners were able to acquire the entire block of shares in the hotel stock company. Matthys Brunner died in March 1933, and Rosaly continued to run the hotel on his own until 1945 when it became the administrative seat of the French occupying forces. This moored the three-deck ship Baden, which was only provisionally repaired, as a floating casino until 1948 on a specially built jetty .
In 1951 Rosalys daughter took over the hotel with her husband, a Mr. Voss. Mr. Voss, formerly director of the Hotel Esplanade in Berlin, managed the Insel-Hotel until 1963. However, the owners did not have the money for the upcoming, urgent renovations. Lord Mayor Bruno Helmle managed the purchase of the island by the state of Baden-Württemberg in order to secure the future of the hotel. The land bought the island in 1963 and leased it to the Steigenberger Hotelgesellschaft . The hotel was completely renovated for three years and reopened on June 6, 1966 as the Steigenberger Inselhotel.
In 1992, the state of Baden-Württemberg sold the island to the Badische Staatsbrauerei Rothaus AG, which is the owner to this day.
Since another renovation carried out in 2007, the Steigenberger Inselhotel has been a five-star luxury hotel . The hotel has 100 rooms (72 double rooms and 28 single rooms) and two suites.
Cloister
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Thereafter, the Stuttgart painter and art professor Carl von Häberlin received the order from the von Zeppelin family to design the medieval cloister of the monastery building with large-format murals from the history of the island and to replace the existing biblical frescoes . From spring 1878 to 1894, interrupted only by the cold winter months, Häberlin worked on a total of 26 pictures, which show, in chronological order, motifs from the island's history, from the pile dwellings of early history to the first hotel guests. Some of the pictures depict historical personalities such as Charlemagne , Maximilian I and Kaiser Wilhelm II on visits to Constance.
Former church
The former church is used as the hotel's ballroom. The martyr frescoes are still preserved. In the vestibule, which was built onto the west wing of the cloister, there was a wall painting about 6 m long with a dance of death. The existing remains were bricked up behind the rear wall of the reception hall during the renovation of the hotel in 1965.
University of Konstanz
In its founding year 1966, the University of Konstanz started operations in the southern side wing of the monastery building. The part of the building was temporarily the seat of the newly founded university, which was spread over various buildings in several parts of the city until the new building on the Giesberg was commissioned. The hotel is still used regularly for lectures and conferences at the University of Konstanz, as well as for the Konstanz European Colloquium.
Individual evidence
- ↑ including: International Commission for the Protection of Water for Lake Constance (ed.): Der Bodensee. State - facts - perspectives . IGKB, Bregenz 2004, ISBN 3-902290-04-8 , p. 9, Tab. 1.2-1: Characteristic data for Lake Constance ( online edition ( Memento from March 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ))
- ^ Otto Feger: Brief history of the city of Konstanz , 1957
- ↑ Heinz Finke: Island walks. Become a love island Reichenau Mainau Dominican island Lindau . Konstanz 1990, p. 20
- ^ Geography and statistics of the Grand Duchy of Baden according to the latest regulations up to March 1, 1820 in the Google book search, p. 167
- ^ Information from the population register of the city of Konstanz from May 4, 2009 on the street address Auf der Insel 1
- ↑ The first settlers ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , labhard.de
- ↑ a b c Chronicle , Alt-Konstanz.de
- ↑ A city with a history Brief overview on the official website of the city of Konstanz (www.konstanz.de)
- ↑ a b c Steigenberger (Constance) , Historic inns in Baden
- ^ Steigenberger (Constance) - role in history , historical inns in Baden
- ↑ Johann Marmor: Historical topography of the city of Constance and its immediate surroundings: with special consideration of the moral and cultural history of the same, Constance, self-published, 1860, p. 30
- ↑ Heinz Finke: Island walks. Become a love island Reichenau Maina Dominican island Lindau. Konstanz 1990, p. 109. The first chapter house ever was built in 1110 in Worcester .
- ↑ Johann Marmor: Historical topography of the city of Constance and its immediate surroundings: with special consideration of the moral and cultural history of the same, Constance, self-published, 1860, p. 34
- ^ Eva-Maria Bast: Frescos in the Inselhotel. Graf Zeppelin and the Geneva Colony. In: Eva- Maria Bast and Heike Thissen: Secrets of the homeland. 50 exciting stories from Constance. Volume 2. ISBN 978-3-9815564-6-9 . Pp. 144-146.
- ↑ Dominikanerinsel Most complete geographic-topographical-statistical place-lexicon in the Google book search, (1868) p. 378
- ↑ Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Baden: The population census of December 1, 1885. Part II (local directory). Karlsruhe 1889
- ^ Peter Meyer: Airships. The history of the German zeppelins. Wehr & Wissen, Koblenz / Bonn 1980, ISBN 3-8033-0302-8 , p. 13.
- ↑ Heinz Finke: Island walks. Become a love island Reichenau Maina Dominican island Lindau. Konstanz 1990, pp. 20-21
- ↑ District Office Konstanz / Hegau History Association: Open Monument Day in the district of Konstanz, September 13, 2009. Leaflet 2009.
- ↑ Hans Georg Wehrens: The dance of death in the Alemannic language area. "I have to do it - and don't know what" . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2012, p. 171, ISBN 978-3-7954-2563-0 .
- ^ History of the University of Konstanz , uni-konstanz.de
- ↑ 5th Konstanzer Europakolloquim ( Memento from June 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), uni-konstanz.de
- ^ Lectures ( Memento from July 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), uni-konstanz.de
- ↑ International Conference of the Media Studies Department ( Memento from February 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), uni-konstanz.de
- ↑ Event calendar of the University of Konstanz ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , uni-konstanz.de
Web links
Inhabited: Reichenau | Lindau | Mainau | Dominican Island | Will
Uninhabited: Hoy | Triboldingerbohl | Middle or Longbole | Love Island | Middle Werdli | Lower Werdli | Bird Island | Bird islands
Former: Entlibühl | Gallows Island | Tegerstein | Moated castle