Rhine bridge in Constance
Coordinates: 47 ° 39 '59 " N , 9 ° 10' 43" E
| Rhine bridge in Constance | ||
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| use | Road and railway bridge with bike and sidewalks |
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| Convicted | Gemeindestraße, Hochrheinbahn | |
| Crossing of | Seerhein | |
| place | Constancy | |
| construction | Steel girder bridge | |
| overall length | 127.8 m | |
| width | 26.95 m | |
| Longest span | 42.6 m | |
| opening | 1938 | |
| location | ||
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The Rheinbrücke Konstanz ( Old Rhine Bridge ) spans the Seerhein in Konstanz . The structure is a combined road and rail bridge. It crosses the Hochrheinbahn on a single track at kilometer 413.5 and also the Konzilstraße, which connects the city center with Petershausen . The road bridge has two lanes into town and three in the opposite direction. In addition, there is a cycle path on the left (down the Rhine) out of town for both directions and a walkway on the right. The metering of the Rhine begins at the bridge.
history
The Romans built the first bridge over the Seerhein near Gottlieben . Since the trade routes to Northern Italy, France and Eastern Europe crossed in Constance, a wooden bridge below Constance is assumed for the 10th century. The construction of a wooden yoke bridge along the Rheingasse is documented for around 1200.
The wooden bridge superstructure was destroyed by fires and rebuilt several times, including in the years 1430, 1548, 1585 and 1675. A mill was built into the bridge structure from 1418 and 1427/1437, as the bridge piles caused a backwater in the Obersee the 30 cm gradient between the upper and lower lakes increased. Insufficient stability led to the demolition and rebuilding of the Rhine bridge in 1540. In 1544 the new building was completed. It consisted of a covered wooden bridge, founded on pile yokes, to which stone vault bridges and drawbridges were attached on both sides . A mill complex with a weir completed the bridge structure. On March 17, 1799, the bridge was stormed by Napoleon's troops and partially removed. It was later rebuilt. In 1856 the bridge was destroyed by fire. A reconstruction of the bridge was finally waived in 1857 in accordance with the agreement of the Lake Constance states, as the damming effect of the structure was seen as the reason for extreme flood levels in the Obersee. Until the completion of the new bridge structure, a wooden temporary bridge made it possible to permanently cross the Seerhein.
Bridge from 1860
In order to ensure the largest possible drainage cross-section of the Seerhein, a new bridge was built 60 m upstream, which, in addition to the road traffic, also crossed the Badische Hauptbahn and had three long openings, each with 42.6 m span. The Baden Building Councilor Robert Gerwig designed the structure and was responsible for the construction management of the bridge work. The Benckiser brothers from Pforzheim built the substructures and superstructures from October 1858. The road bridge was opened to traffic on December 3, 1860. The double-track railway bridge followed with the commissioning on June 15, 1863 when the Badische Hauptbahn opened the new railway line Waldshut-Konstanz. The construction costs amounted to 600,000 guilders . Due to increasing traffic loads on the trains, a railway track had to be shut down as early as 1873. During the National Socialist era , the building was renamed the Horst-Wessel Bridge .
Bridge from 1938
In order to increase the efficiency of the Rhine bridge, the city of Konstanz decided, in cooperation with the then road construction office and the Deutsche Reichsbahn , to fundamentally rebuild the bridge. The spans remained unchanged, but the bridge was widened by around 50%. The company Ed. Züblin from Stuttgart was awarded the contract and the contract to build the substructures. Construction work began in November 1936. After a 190 m long temporary bridge had been built downstream, the bridge was dismantled in sections, with railway operations being maintained with restrictions. The iron superstructure as well as the substructures, abutments and river piers of the old bridge were demolished down to the waterline. Four statues in sandstone, which stood on the bridge piers from 1861 to 1936, were moved to the Rheinsteig . In the protection of a sheet pile wall , wooden piles with lengths of 18 to 20 m were driven into the river bed, the abutments were lengthened downstream and the river piers were also widened. The abutments were built with exposed brickwork made of Waldulm granite. The river pillars were shuttered and concreted in the enclosed construction pit. The company MAN Mainz-Gustavsburg was awarded the contract and order for the steel superstructures. The individual bridge girders were produced in batches at the Mainz-Gustavsburg plant and transported by rail to the construction site, where they were then lifted and joined ( riveted ) using a portal crane . The inauguration of the new bridge followed on October 9, 1938.
Broadened 1957
The Seerhein Bridge remained undamaged during the Second World War . In 1956/57 the lane was widened again to cope with the increased traffic in the city. The corridor that had been kept free for the second track since 1938 was used for this purpose. This became possible after the Deutsche Bundesbahn abandoned its plans to connect the Konstanz main station to two tracks.
To further relieve the road bridge, which is now mostly over 70 years old, the Schänzle Bridge was built as the second fixed Rhine crossing in Constance and opened to traffic in 1980.
construction
Bridge from 1860
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The 17.85 m wide arched bridge crossed two railway tracks and, downstream, a tramway with a width of 5.4 m and walkways on both sides. The 127.8 m long structure had three openings, each with a 42.6 m span. The superstructure consisted of four full-walled, wrought-iron arch girders in each opening. The structure was founded with the help of 992 piles on which the foundations were erected with caissons . Statues of Bishops Konrad and Gebhard von Konstanz as well as Duke Berthold von Zähringen and Grand Duke Leopold stood on the four pillar heads . The latter two were created by Hans Baur . All four figures are now located between the Rheintorturm and the Powder Tower near today's Rhine bridge. A copy of the Berthold statue was made by the sculptor Josef Ummenhofer on the occasion of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the city's membership of the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1906 or 1907. In this case, however, the statue is supposed to represent the founder of Villingen, Bezelin von Villingen / Birchtilo .
Bridge from 1938
The total span of the new bridge is unchanged at 127.8 m, with a total width of 26.95 m. The tramway was widened to 10.0 m. Since then, the bridge has had three separate superstructures for road traffic, rail traffic and non-motorized traffic, with the pillars and abutments designed for two single-track railway bridge superstructures, but only the eastern superstructure was implemented. The first superstructure downstream is the pedestrian walkway, the next is the railway overpass of the Deutsche Bahn and further downstream is the five-lane road bridge, on the western main girder of which a console for a cycle path is mounted.
In the longitudinal direction, the superstructures have the continuous beam as a building system. Each bridge had two main steel girders with variable construction heights and a horizontal top chord, which was arranged above the roadway. The lower chord has a vertical curvature with a radius of about 100 m above the river pillars.
In the gap between the railway and road bridges, a third main girder was inserted in 1957 on the already existing bearing banks of the abutments and pillars, which carries the eastern deck.
Headroom
In relation to the Konstanz normal level, the clearance heights are 5.75 m on the left, 6.15 m in the middle and 6.33 m on the right when viewed from the Upper Lake. For the boats of the Swiss shipping company Untersee und Rhein (Urh), passage up to a water level of 4.92 meters is possible (as of 2016).
Flagging
The old Rhine bridge is flagged on both sides from Easter to autumn. The flag of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, in which Konstanz is located, is hoisted, as well as the flags of the countries bordering Lake Constance: Switzerland, Austria, and the Principality of Liechtenstein. Also represented are the flags of the countries of the Konstanz twin cities: France, the Czech Republic, China, Italy and Great Britain. Another eight flags vary and represent the countries from which most of the overnight guests come.
relief
In 2018, a relief of an “extraterrestrial” by the “street art” artist Vanadium (sculptor) from Charkow was attached to the underpass of the Rhine bridge between Seestrasse and RV Neptun.
literature
- Michael Brunner: Notes on the Konstanzer Rheinbrücke in the 17th century , in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 114, 1996, pp. 65–71 ( digitized )
- Hans-Wolfgang Scharf: Railway Rhine bridges in Germany . EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2003, ISBN 3-88255-689-7 , p.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Maurer: The Bishops of Constance from the end of the 6th century to 1206 . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1981, ISBN 978-3-11-017664-3 , p. 404.
- ^ Eva-Maria Bast: December 3rd, 1861. The connecting element is restored. In: Eva-Maria Bast; Annina Baur; Julia Rieß: Constance calendar sheets . Überlingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-946581-04-8 , pp. 169–170.
- ^ Elisabeth Müller-Widmann: Stories from the old Constance. Verlag Gronenberg, Gummersbach, 1983. ISBN 3-88265-083-4 . P. 65: The bridges.
- ↑ Werner Konold: The regulation of Lake Constance: an old story. In: '' Der Rhein '', State Center for Political Education Baden-Württemberg, magazine: DER BÜRGER IM STAAT, issue 2/2000
- ↑ Ramona Löffler: Standing city history. In: Südkurier of December 27, 2017.
- ↑ Ramona Löffler: The portrait of the monastery founder. In: Südkurier from January 2, 2017.
- ↑ Wolfgang Bräun: Villingen-Schwenningen: City history: Famous Villinger Berthold monument has a double in Constance. In: suedkurier.de. November 3, 2016, accessed February 8, 2017 .
- ^ Franz Domgörgen: Restrictions in shipping traffic. In: Südkurier of June 21, 2016.
- ↑ Old Rhine Bridge. In: Konstanz Magazin, edition 2018/2019, p. 102.
- ↑ Andreas Schuler: The alien comes from the Ukraine. In: Südkurier , December 1, 2018.
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Bridges over the Rhine |
The next bridge downstream: Bicycle bridge (Konstanz) |