Macaire (entrepreneurial family)
Macaire was the family name of a Huguenot entrepreneur and banker family who originally came from Pont-en-Royans ( Dauphiné ) in France . After Jacques Louis Macaire de L'Or 1785 from Geneva to Constance had moved, this straightened Constance " Dominicans Island " a Indienne - factory with Indigo a -Färberei. With this textile company he laid the foundation stone for the most important branch of industry in Constance in the 19th and 20th centuries. He also founded the first Konstanz bank, which, under the leadership of three generations of the Macaire family, developed into one of the leading banking and trading houses in the Lake Constance area. In the middle of the 19th century, these companies came into the possession of the Counts of Zeppelin through marriage or inheritance .
Family background
The Macaire family belonged to the Huguenots and originally came from Pont-en-Royans ( Dauphiné ) in France . Several family members fled to Geneva towards the end of the 17th century and settled there.
Élie Macaire (1664-1723) and his nephew Antoine Odier, the son of Élie's sister Suzanne, received citizenship of the city of Geneva in 1714 . Only Léonard (1673-1718), who like Élie was a great-grandson of François, continued the line, through his son Jean-Jacques-René (1707-1763). He was naturalized in Geneva in 1732 and was the first of several surgeons to emerge from the Macaire family in the 18th century. His son, Jean-Jacques-Louis (1740-1824), Indiane-Ducker and banker in Geneva, moved to Constance in 1785.
First generation: Jacques Louis Macaire de L'Or
Jean-Jacques Louis (Johann-Jakob Ludwig) Macaire de L'Or (1740-1824) was a Geneva banker, merchant and manufacturer who moved to Constance in 1785. The Macaire and his family belonged to a group of 270 people from Geneva who had fled Geneva to Constance because of the pre-revolutionary political turmoil. Macaire was already in a leading position in the negotiations with the government of the Upper Austrian region about the settlement of the Geneva refugees in Constance in autumn 1784 and became the first registered member of the new Geneva colony in Constance.
Already on June 30, 1785 before the closure of the monastery, Emperor left . Joseph II Jacques Louis Macaire the Dominicans Island with the thereon buildings, on payment of a small annual rent of 25 florins , to set up a Indienne - factory with Indigo -Färberei. Therefore, the Dominican Island was later also called Geneva Island or Macair Island . In his factory, which had been transferred from Geneva, Macaire had bleached cotton fabrics machine-printed with patterns and sold these products under the name "Indiane". In addition to the skilled workers he had brought with him, he also employed unskilled Constance workers and several apprentices. In 1788 Macaire already had 81 people on his farm. His textile company formed the cornerstone for the most important branch of industry in Konstanz in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Jacques Louis Macaire de L'Or also had to struggle with many difficulties in the early years. He first had to obtain the cloths he needed for his manufacture from his old Swiss suppliers. A network of spinners and weavers from the Konstanz area still had to be built. In the first few years Macaire also struggled with sales problems. He was not allowed to export to the inner Austrian hereditary lands and in front of Austria the English and Swiss competition dominated the market. In addition, France imposed an import ban on textile goods in 1785. The establishment of two competing companies, "Hirn & Vogel" and "Schlumberger", in Constance made the situation even worse. An improvement only occurred again after the three cotton printing works in Constance contracted to form a production and sales community in 1797 at the suggestion of Macaire.
In addition to his textile company, Jacques Louis Macaire founded the first bank in what was then Konstanz in 1786 . This operated its business in the legal form of a limited partnership ("Bank Kommandite"). Eugène de Beauharnais , stepchild and adoptive child of Napoleon Bonaparte , was involved in this bank as a limited partner during his time as Viceroy of Italy (1805-1814) . Among the customers of this institute were Eugène's sister Hortense de Beauharnais , Queen of Holland and mother of Emperor Napoleon III. , and her cousin Stéphanie de Beauharnais , Grand Duchess of Baden . As a trustee for Hortense de Beauharnais, Jacques Louis Macaire acquired the Seeheim estate in 1816 at an auction from Grand Duke Leopold von Baden for 6,080 guilders plus fees. It was not until 1822 that Seeheim Castle was officially transferred from the banker Macaire to the ownership of Hortense.
As early as 1803, Jacques Louis had bought Girsberg Castle and its furniture for 26,000 guilders at an auction of Friedrich II. , Later the first King of Württemberg, and leased it to Salomon Högger in Bischofszell the following year .
Jacques Louis Macaire de L'Or is buried in the Tägerwilen cemetery. His epitaph is still on the outside of the north wall of the Protestant church in Tägerwilen. The Macairestrasse in Constance is named after Jacques Louis Macaire de L'Or.
Second generation
David and Kaspar Macaire, the sons of Jacques Louis Macaire de L'Or and Marguerite De L'Or (1749–1782), were able to acquire the entire island with all its buildings on August 29, 1813 from the Baden Religious Fund for 6,500 guilders . They operated the Indienne - Manufacture and Indigo -Färberei the father under the name Macaires frères after 1810 on. The two brothers worked on the publishing system , i. H. they let Constance in the outskirts of weavers and spinners in homework produce cotton fabrics, dyed and printed textiles these in their factory and then sold them on international markets.
David Macaire d'Hogguèr
David Macaire d'Hogguèr (1774–1845) was a manufacturer (indigo factory with indigo dyeing) and a banker. He married Claudine Henriette Coralie d'Hogguèr (1794–1847), the daughter of Friedrich Heinrich Högger (after he had been ennobled in Paris: Frédéric-Henri Baron d'Hogguèr, 1763–1831) in Gottlieben ( Canton Thurgau , Switzerland ) in 1813 , Commander of the 1st Swiss regiment in royal French service, and his wife Henriette Madeleine, née Passavant (1773–1821).
In 1817 David Macaire, together with Appenzell Landammann Jacob Zellweger, brokered the purchase of the Thurgau Arenenberg Castle for 30,000 guilders for the former Queen Hortense de Beauharnais, who was then in exile in Constance . He was also one of the founding shareholders and president of the “Dampfschifffahrtsgesellschaft für den Bodensee und Rhein Konstanz” founded on July 12, 1830 in Constance (today part of the “ Bodensee-Schiffsbetriebe ”) and thus became a co-founder of the Bodensee-Dampfschifffahrt. From 1832, David Macaire campaigned for the overdue new construction of the Constance harbor, which was opened in 1842.
In 1824 David inherited Girsberg Castle from his father and gave it to his daughter Amélie Macaire d'Hogguèr (1816–1852) and his son-in-law Count Friedrich von Zeppelin (1807–1886) on the occasion of their wedding in 1840 .
Kaspar Macaire d'Hogguèr
Kaspar Ludwig (Gaspard-Louis) Macaire (1780–1847) was a manufacturer (indigo factory with indigo dyeing) and collector of butterflies, beetles and minerals. He remained unmarried throughout his life. After his death, the collection was inherited by his nephew, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin (1838–1917). The latter re-inventoried the collection at Girsberg Castle and increased its holdings. In 1872 he first handed over the insect collection and in 1874 also the mineral collection to the “ Rosgarten Museum ” in Constance.
Third generation
The son and daughters of David Macaire d'Hogguèr and Freiin Claudine Henriette Coralie d'Hogguèr (1794–1847) from St. Gallen were:
Moritz Macaire d'Hogguèr
Kaspar Heinrich Moritz (Gaspard Henri Maurice) Macaire (1815–1867) was a manufacturer and banker. He led the founded by his grandfather Louis Jacques Macaire de L'Or Indienne -Fabrik and Indigo further dyeing, although the discovery of aniline dyes the profitability of the dyeing and printing textile business from the mid-19th century began to suffer. In addition to the Konstanz factory, there was also a warehouse in Berlin in 1860 and stands at the trade fairs in Leipzig and Frankfurt on the Oder .
In order to reorganize the financial business within the family, Moritz Macaire founded the banking house “Macaire & Compagnie” in 1836 on the Dominican Island of Constance. His brother-in-law Friedrich Jerôme Wilhelm Karl Graf von Zeppelin (1807–1886) became a partner in the new bank in the same year.
In 1867 Moritz Macaire bought the " Kunzenhof " in Kreuzlingen for 82,000 Swiss francs . But just two months later he died completely unexpectedly. With the death of the unmarried and childless Moritz Macaire, the Macaire family died out in the male line .
Amélie Françoise Pauline Macaire d'Hogguèr
Amélie Françoise Pauline Macaire d'Hogguèr (1816–1852) married in 1834 the royal Hohenzollern court marshal and cotton manufacturer Friedrich Jerôme Wilhelm Karl Graf von Zeppelin (1807–1886). Died of tuberculosis at the age of 36 . A large part of the considerable wealth of the Macaire entrepreneurial family came into the possession of the family of the Counts of Zeppelin through Amélie .
Henriette Macaire d'Hogguèr
Henriette Frédérique Macaire d'Hogguèr (1818–1890) married Henri Auguste Victor de Senarclens de Vufflens (1805–1858) in 1838, the owner of Vufflens Castle in Vufflens-le-Château in the canton of Vaud ( Switzerland ).
aftermath
Moritz Macaire's inheritance came to his two sisters, Amélie and Henriette. They sold the Kreuzlingen "Kunzenhof" in 1869 to Count Eberhard von Zeppelin (1842–1906). He expanded his new property into a castle and renamed it, based on his first name, Ebersberg Castle .
The textile entrepreneur Ludwig Stromeyer (1852–1931), who was very successful in his later life , completed his apprenticeship in the Macair'sche textile factory from 1868 onwards.
The banking house "Macaire & Compagnie" founded by Moritz Macaire was continued by Friedrich von Zeppelin after his death. In 1872 his son, Eberhard von Zeppelin (1842–1906), joined the bank as a partner. In the following year Albert von Hofer became the bank's first non-family partner. After Eberhard von Zeppelin's death in 1906, the von Zeppelin family left the bank entirely as a result of the division of Eberhard's inheritance. Carried on by Albert von Hofer until 1908, Carl Firnhaber, previously at the “Württembergische Vereinsbank” in Stuttgart , took over “Macaire & Compagnie” as a personally liable partner. Finally, the Jewish merchant Ludwig Neuburger (1843–1922) , who came from Gailingen , acquired the bank and moved its headquarters from Dominican Island to a building in Konstanzer Bahnhofstrasse 1. In addition, branches were established in Radolfzell , Überlingen and Pfullendorf . The “Macaire & Compagnie” bank existed until 1921 when it was taken over by the “Süddeutsche Discontogesellschaft”, an offshoot of the “ Deutsche Disconto-Gesellschaft ”. The Süddeutsche and the Deutsche Diskontogesellschaft merged in 1929 with the " Deutsche Bank ". This still maintains a bank branch at Bahnhofstrasse 1.
The declining profitability of the Indienne -Fabrik and Indigo -Färberei prompted the heirs of Moritz Macaires to the factory on the island of Dominican liquidate . Production was finally stopped in 1870. In 1874 the heirs sold the Dominican island for 400,000 gold marks to a stock corporation in which they were involved. This company had the old monastery building on Dominican Island converted into a first-class hotel by the Stuttgart architect Emil Otto Tafel , which was opened in 1875 and enlarged from 1889–1890. The cloister was decorated with frescoes from the history of the hotel island by the history painter Carl von Häberlin from Stuttgart . Since 1966 the hotel has been run as the “Steigenberger Inselhotel” by the “ Steigenberger Hotel Group ”.
literature
- “Macaire & Cie., Konstanz banking business on Lake Constance 1786–1911: 125 years”, Verlag Schwarz, Konstanz 1911;
- Martin Burkhardt / Wolfgang Dobras / Wolfgang Zimmermann: "Constance in the early modern times", Volume 3 from the series "History of the City of Constance", Stadler Verlagsgesellschaft, Constance 1991, ISBN 3-7977-0259-0 .
- Daniela Frey / Claus-Dieter Hirt: "French traces in Konstanz", UVK Verlagsgesellschaft, Konstanz 2011, ISBN 978-3-86764-322-1 .
- Pierre Grellet: Queen Hortense on Arenenberg. Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld 2001, ISBN 3-7193-1262-3 .
- Ralf Seuffert: Constance - 2000 years of history. UVK Verlagsgesellschaft, Konstanz 2003, ISBN 3-89669-922-9 .
- Rosgartenmuseum Konstanz (ed.): "The Zeppelins - Life Stories of a Noble Family", Print + Medien Konstanz GmbH, Konstanz 2013, ISBN 978-3-929768-32-9
- Association of Local History Museum Kreuzlingen (ed.): Contributions to the local history of Kreuzlingen. Booklet IX, Thurgauer Zeitung publishing house, Frauenfeld 1955, p. 35f.
Web links
- Etienne Burgy: Macaire. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Origin of the family or the family name "Macaire" in Genealogy Switzerland (French)
References and comments
- ↑ Not until 1839 and 1845 were the Sparkasse Konstanz and A. Sulzberger banks established in Konstanz.
- ↑ Pierre Grellet: Queen Hortense on Arenenberg. Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld 2001, p. 260, ISBN 3-7193-1262-3
- ^ Daniela Frey / Claus-Dieter Hirt: "French traces in Konstanz", UVK Verlagsgesellschaft, Konstanz 2011, p. 58, ISBN 978-3-86764-322-1
- ↑ Rosgartenmuseum Konstanz (ed.): "The Zeppelins - Life Stories of a Noble Family", Print + Medien Konstanz GmbH, Konstanz 2013, p. 32, ISBN 978-3-929768-32-9
- ↑ Helmut Fiedler, “Jüdisches Leben am Bodensee”, Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld 2011, p. 234, ISBN 978-3-7193-1392-0