Rosgarten Museum
The Rosgarten Museum is a museum for art, culture and history of the city of Konstanz and the Lake Constance region, founded in 1870, at Rosgartenstrasse 3–5 in Konstanz ( Baden-Württemberg ). In 2014 it had 100,028 visitors.
history
As the art and cultural history museum of the city of Konstanz and the Lake Constance region, the Rosgarten Museum looks back on a long tradition. Since it was founded in 1870 by the Constance pharmacist and city councilor Ludwig Leiner, the rich collections on the history of the city and the region can be seen here. In the Middle Ages, the “Zum Rosgarten” house was the guild house of butchers, shopkeepers, pharmacists, stoners and rope makers. It was mentioned for the first time in 1324 and in 1454 it was united with the adjacent house "Zum Schwarzen Widder". The coats of arms of both houses still adorn the portal of the museum today.
Collections
The focus of the Rosgarten Museum's collection is on objects, works of art and testimonies to the history of the city of Constance and the Lake Constance region. The basis is the collection of the museum's founder, Ludwig Leiner, as well as other private collections that were brought together in 1870 with the establishment of the Rosgarten Museum as a municipal museum.
The collection has grown continuously over the centuries and currently comprises around 50,000 objects. The collection ranges from archaeological finds from the Neolithic Age to medieval altar paintings and sacred wood carvings, paintings by Konstanz artists and everyday objects from the 19th and 20th centuries to private letters and photographs of historical personalities. The collection is constantly being expanded to include objects and works of art related to the history and culture of the city of Konstanz.
Tour of the museum
"Historical Hall"
A historical gem in the Rosgarten Museum is the “Leinersaal”, named after the museum's founder. In this “museum within a museum” objects from geology , palaeontology and archeology document the history of the earth and the origins of life up to humans in the Bronze Age . Particular regional focuses are fossils from the Jurassic, finds from the late Ice Age and the large number of pile-dwelling finds from the Neolithic and Bronze Age.
Constance in the Middle Ages
For more than 500 years the political fortunes of the city of Constance lay in the hands of the bishops . They have been masters of the city and its citizens since the diocese was founded around 600 AD. On the way to the free imperial city, the emperor Heinrich VI freed. the citizens of Constance 1192 from all episcopal taxes. In 1308 the first mayor was appointed. After the imperial ban of 1548 by Emperor Charles V , Konstanz was a province of Upper Austria. In 1806 it was added to the Grand Duchy of Baden by Napoleon's will .
Urban development
The development of the city of Konstanz ranges from the simple Celtic settlement to the fortified military facilities from Roman times , the medieval city complex with its churches and monasteries, the construction of the railway and the expansion of the port, to the modern cityscape with its department stores and industrial facilities. The historical city model on the gallery allows a glimpse of medieval Constance.
"Constancy on the way to modernity"
Economic impulses from Geneva emigrants at the end of the 18th century and technical innovations of the 19th century, such as steam navigation and the connection to the railway line, marked the dawn of modern times for Constance. With the election of the progressive lawyer Carl Hüetlin as mayor in 1832, the establishment of a savings bank and the expansion of the port were given new impetus. The city tore down its old defense towers and medieval walls and freed itself from the medieval narrowness.
The guild hall
The historic guild hall is the "parlor" of the Rosgarten Museum. When the house "Zum Rosgarten" was structurally combined with the house "Zum Schwarzen Widder" in 1454, the guild hall was set up. In the Middle Ages, this room served the members and guests of the Rose Garden Guild as a meeting room and drinking room. The wall paneling is adorned with the coat of arms of the Swabian Federation and some families of Constance. The embedded cabinet disks date from the 17th century.
Richental Chronicle
One of the outstanding testimonies to the history of Konstanz is the Richental Chronicle . In this richly illustrated chronicle, the Constance citizen Ulrich von Richental documented the events surrounding the Council of Constance from 1414-1418. In his Upper German-Alemannic dialect, the chronicler tells of important events and small everyday occurrences on large-format paper pages. Five illustrators enrich the descriptions with colored pen drawings. The Konstanz manuscript shown here was made around 1464.
Constance art in the Middle Ages
As the center of the diocese, Constance was an important client for the local painting and sculpture workshops in the Middle Ages. Some of the panel paintings on religious topics come from the Constance workshops of Peter Murer and Rudolf Stahel . The Stahel workshop is also credited with the so-called Blarersche donor board , which commemorates the benefactors and founders of the Konstanz hospital from 1225.
Reformation and Counter Reformation
Luther's teaching fell on fertile ground in Constance. Citizens and the city council converted to the new religion. When the council stopped practicing the Catholic religion more and more, the bishop left the city and moved to Meersburg . A strict breed order now regulated life in the Reformed city.
Politically, the city sought connection to the Protestant cities of Switzerland and to the Schmalkaldic League . The conflict called the Catholic Emperor Charles V on the scene in 1548. The city lost its imperial freedom and was incorporated into Austria. The Catholic religion was reintroduced. The reformers and many Protestant families had to leave the city.
Crafts from Constance
In the 17th century, excellent handicraft objects of supraregional importance were created in the episcopal city of Constance. Including goldsmith work by well-known artisans and small sculptures by Christoph Daniel Schenck and Hans Zürn .
Constance art of the 18th and 19th centuries
The 18th and 19th centuries produced internationally admired artists. In addition to the well-known baroque painter Franz Ludwig Hermann, the Konstanz painter Marie Ellenrieder is the focus of the permanent exhibition. She was the first woman admitted to study at the Munich Art Academy, court painter to the Grand Duke of Baden and a sought-after portraitist. The well-known Constance painter family Mosbrugger is represented with portraits by Friedrich Mosbrugger.
Napoleon III
The last French Emperor Louis Napoléon Bonaparte grew up on Lake Constance. The sleigh with which the young prince, who lived at Arenenberg Castle , in the Konstanz neighborhood, took trips to the surrounding area in winter, reminds of him . Other memorabilia are his slippers, snuff boxes and a glass with the monogram of ex-Queen Hortense de Beauharnais .
Constance under National Socialism
The majority of Germans in the provinces had come to terms with Hitler's “favor dictatorship”. Nevertheless, in 1939 concerns about an approaching war shaped life in Konstanz. The state terror was visible everywhere: Jewish merchants' shops were “ Aryanized ”, politically conspicuous neighbors received visits from the Gestapo . The exhibition focuses on forgotten victims and the brave who smuggled refugees across the German-Swiss border. Among them: Johann Georg Elser , who decided to get rid of Hitler. He was arrested in Konstanz on November 8, 1939, the day of his failed assassination attempt.
Special exhibition
Annual special exhibitions on topics related to the art and cultural history of the region complement the permanent exhibition.
literature
- Verena Nübling: The Ludwig Leiner pile dwelling collection in the Rosgarten Museum in Konstanz - a cultural monument of particular importance. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 29, 2000, pp. 207-209.
- Tatiana Sfedu: Founding a museum and civic self- image . The Leiner family and the Rosgarten Museum in Konstanz. Dissertation, University of Konstanz 2006 ( full text ).
- Tatiana Sfedu: A Constance citizens' organization. The Rosgarten Museum since Ludwig Leiner. University Press Konstanz, Konstanz 2007, ISBN 978-3-89669-640-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Lünstroth: Record Attendance in Constance museums . In: Südkurier . January 31, 2015, p. 23 ( suedkurier.de [accessed on February 21, 2015]).
- ↑ Museum history. Rosgarten Museum, accessed November 2018 .
- ↑ Museum tour. In: Rosgarten Museum. Accessed November 2018 .
Coordinates: 47 ° 39 '35.5 " N , 9 ° 10' 29.2" E