Conversion in Münster
Since the turn of 1990/91, the conversion in Münster has been about the conversion of former military facilities, barracks and residential buildings in the North Rhine-Westphalian city of Münster , which were used by the British Rhine Army and abandoned after 1990. 19 conversion projects with very different purposes were successfully implemented by 2017. The focus was and continues to be on the conversion of properties that were previously used by the military. With the final withdrawal of the British armed forces, the York barracks in Gremmendorf and the Oxford barracks in Gievenbeck were also given up in the Münster area . Furthermore, many apartments in 18 residential locations became vacant. These areas and buildings can thus be converted from military to civil use. The barracks in Münster are mostly in an integrated location close to the city center and offer the opportunity to develop new quarters for living, working and living.
term
The term conversion (also change of use or change of use ) describes in urban planning the reintegration of fallow land into the economic and natural cycle or the change of use of buildings. At the beginning of the 20th century, the term “conversion” mostly referred to the conversion of areas for military purposes, later it was used in the course of the conversion of former military facilities (conversion areas) for civil purposes. Over the years the term has also been used in other development areas. Since changes in the use of buildings are accompanied by changes in the population that have an impact on the municipality, the municipal conversion is also affected.
Ownership structure and tasks of the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks
Military properties have generally been acquired by the German Reich or the Federal Republic of Germany . They have belonged to the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks (BImA) since it was founded, or the properties were transferred to BImA by the Bundeswehr. Only in a few cases was the need for military property secured by contract law or leasehold contracts.
The Federal Agency was established with effect from January 1, 2005 by the law on the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks ( BImAG ). It should manage, exploit and also sell the federally owned real estate , land and other properties (e.g. state forests ) as economically as possible. Until the end of 2004, these tasks were carried out by the Federal Property Offices , the Federal Forest Administration and the Federal Property Departments of the Regional Finance Directorates . The aforementioned offices and departments were dissolved on December 31, 2004.
History of conversions in Münster since 1990
As a former important garrison town, the city of Münster has successfully implemented 19 conversion projects with very different uses since the 1990s. The main examples are:
Lincoln Barracks: Lincoln Quarters
- Area: 7 hectares
- Existing / inventory change: Mainly monuments (built between 1913 and 1922), conversion, additional new buildings
- Type of new use: living
- Realization: 1997 to 2004
With the evacuation of the Lincoln barracks by the British armed forces in 1994/95, the opportunity arose to develop and densify the existing structure. The former Lincoln barracks is located on the northern edge of the city center of Munster, about 2.5 km from the city center. The location is characterized by an excellent location quality. The historic building stock on Grevener Strasse and Dreizehnerstrasse with ten listed buildings, four of which are larger buildings for teams around the middle-sized parade ground and the motor vehicle and factory halls in the northern and eastern parts, is characteristic of the former barracks site.
After the adoption of an urban planning structure concept in 1995, urban planning concepts were developed in a three-day design workshop in April 1996. Interested residents could also get involved. The design by the Lorenzen office in Copenhagen / Dresden was implemented. The main characteristics of the design are the green zone within the quarter, the preservation of the external appearance of the listed ensemble to the public space as well as the strict north-south-facing row development in the new residential building.
Portsmouth Barracks: Meerwiese residential area
- Area: 15 hectares
- Existing / inventory change: conversion of buildings worth preserving, additional new buildings
- Type of new use: living
- Realization: 1998 to 2010
Portsmouth Barracks was built as an artillery barracks on High Heckenweg before the outbreak of World War II. After the Second World War, the barracks were taken over by the British Allies and vacated in 1994. For the city, the approximately 15 hectare area was a "fillet" for creating living space close to the city center. The aim of a realization competition in 1996 was to develop a new residential area for Coerde .
The site looks like this today: The team quarters were converted into around 200 publicly funded rental apartments. Bright plastered facades with sandstone gables in the Renaissance style, pre-staggered balconies, spacious outdoor areas and a few cars ensure a friendly living in old buildings. The additional new buildings are based on the design elements of the barracks buildings.
Von-Eine-Kaserne: Leonardo Campus
- Area: 8 hectares
- Existing / inventory change: Partly architectural monuments, conversion, new buildings
- Type of new use: University / University of Applied Sciences
- Realization: since 1998
Von-One barracks, so-called riding barracks
The Leonardo campus was a legacy of Prussia. In the years 1898–1901, at the height of militarism, it was built as a cavalry barracks on an area of around 11 hectares on Steinfurter Strasse. After the First World War, the cuirassier barracks was renamed after the former Prussian war minister and general of the cavalry Karl von Eine . The military use outlasted the First World War, the Weimar Republic and National Socialism. While the city of Münster was largely destroyed by air raids in World War II, the city's "cavalry barracks" remained almost undamaged. After the surrender in 1945, further use by the military decreased significantly.
With the fall of the iron curtain, the barracks in Münster were no longer of any use. Like other military properties, this property became superfluous for the Federal Republic of Germany. Münster's universities were thus given the unique opportunity to create new rooms for large-scale development projects in the field of science and research. The state of North Rhine-Westphalia took over the quarter in 1994 - the Leonardo Campus was born . This was made possible by the conversion of areas used by the military.
Buller, Swinton and Waterloo barracks: Loddenheide business park
- Area: 88 hectares
- Existence / change in inventory: Demolition of the former development, new development
- Type of new use: commercial / industrial area
- Realization: since 1998
The former airfield and military area of the Wehrmacht was considered a "fillet" for industrial settlements because of its rail and canal connections. For a long time, the areas were tied up by the British Army on the Rhine, which had built their Buller-Swinton-Waterloo barracks here. Until 1992, soldiers were settled on the grounds of the Buller, Swinton and Waterloo barracks. The area was characterized by single-storey barracks and vehicle hangars. In 1994 the area was cleared by the British armed forces.
The approximately 88 hectare site was developed into a high-ranking " Loddenheide industrial park ". It was divided into several focus areas: trade and logistics, classic and large-scale commercial operations and “workplaces of the future” for companies with future-oriented architecture and sustainable production and sales structures, as well as “work on the park”.
Hindenburg barracks: Weißenburg garden settlement
- Area: 2.7 hectares
- Existing / stock change: Extensive demolition and rebuilding
- Type of new use: Car-free living
- Realization: since 2000
The project area is around 2.7 hectares and is located in an integrated location with a high quality of living environment. Around 130 apartments have been created in multi-family houses on the site. Particular attention was paid to ecological qualities, such as the low-energy house standard, a high proportion of green space, green roofs and complete rainwater infiltration.
In addition, intensive resident identification and retention was carried out. In this way, the future residents were able to actively participate in the planning of the facility in the context of working groups and workshops, for example on the topics of “common rooms and mobility” and “open space planning”. All projects implemented so far are social housing. Owning a car is not permitted; residents must formally undertake not to own a vehicle before signing the rental agreement. The residents are organized in an association, there are common rooms and a settlement cafe.
Winterbourne barracks: Speicherstadt Munster
- Area: 17 hectares
- Existing / inventory change: renovation and conversion of the storage building
- Type of new use: commercial area
- Realization: 2000 to 2006
The immediate proximity to the railway and the barracks made the area on Holtmannsweg so interesting for the establishment of the Army Food Service in 1936. After more than three years of construction, the construction of the "small military town", the main task of which was catering production and logistical planning, was completed.
Today the Speicherstadt stands for a successful conversion of a "military bakery". The seven-storey, listed storage building and their generous open spaces still dominate the area. With careful interventions in the architecture, an attractive company location with an event forum was created.
Portsmouth Barracks Sports Ground: Hoher Heckenweg housing estate
- Area: 3.6 hectares
- Existing / inventory change: Not available, new building
- Type of new use: living
- Realization: since 2007
Semi-detached and terraced houses have been built on Morthorststrasse since 2007.
Nelson barracks: Gasselstiege solar housing estate
- Area: 8 hectares
- Existing / inventory change: Partial demolition of the former development, continued preservation with conversion
- Type of new use: living
- Realization: since 2007
The solar settlement Gasselstiege takes up an old street name. This name comes from Hof Schulze Gassel (today Gasselstiege 561), a so-called main courtyard of the Münster canons since 1240 , which in turn derives its name from "Gössel", a name for a young goose.
Further conversion of barracks and residential buildings
From the end of 2012 to the end of 2014, the British armed forces returned almost all of the 794 residential units (apart from a few houses) to the Federal Real Estate Agency (BImA). The York barracks in Gremmendorf were officially handed over in November 2012, the Oxford barracks in Gievenbeck in November 2013.
The areas owned by the Federal Republic of Germany were left to the British stationing forces for the period of military use on the basis of international agreements. From the time of handover, the planning authority rests with the city of Münster. This means that the city or the council and its committees formulate the future planning usage goals for the residential areas and the two barracks within the scope of their own responsibility. If legally required, these goals are implemented using the instruments that the Building Code makes available to the municipalities for this purpose (drawing up zoning plans, development plans and other statutes).
With a council resolution of March 21, 2012, the city administration was given the mandate to negotiate housing policy goals in particular with the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks as part of the upcoming conversion . This includes the express wish of the city that households with low and average incomes should be given special consideration when selling or renting the land and apartments. For the development of the barracks locations York and Oxford there is also the housing policy objective of creating a differentiated housing offer for all income groups. Planning will take into account both the construction of private homes and apartment buildings.
Residential locations
The British armed forces had 794 federally owned apartments available for use in 18 residential locations. These are 56 detached single-family houses (EFH), 536 single-family row houses (EFRH), 132 semi-detached houses (DHH), 25 two-family row houses (ZFH) and 5 multi-family houses (MFH) with 4 apartments each. Most of the residential buildings were built between 1951 and 1963. Further residential buildings were completed in 1985 and 2003.
The apartments are spread across the following districts:
- Coerde : 2 locations with 89 apartments in 5 EFH, 66 EFRH and 18 DHH with living space of approx. 75 m² to approx. 130 m²
- Gievenbeck / Sentrup : 4 locations with 179 apartments in 11 EFH, 104 EFRH, 48 DHH and 8 ZFH with living space of approx. 70 m² to approx. 160 m²
- Gremmendorf / Angelmodde : 7 locations with 432 apartments in 22 EFH, 302 EFRH, 54 DHH, 17 ZFH and 5 MFH with living space of approx. 70 m² to approx. 175 m²
- Rumphorst : 2 locations with 47 apartments in 18 EFH and 29 EFRH with living space of approx. 80 m² to approx. 175 m²
- Uppenberg : 3 locations with 47 apartments in 35 EFRH and 12 DHH with living space of approx. 70 m² to approx. 155 m²
The city of Münster has drawn up an urban development concept in which proposals for further uses are made for all residential locations, such as B. Supplementation with new buildings, demolition and new construction, possibilities of enlarging the living space with extensions. For this purpose, development plans have to be drawn up or maintenance and design statutes have to be drawn up. The development concept was decided on November 7, 2012 by the political bodies of the city of Münster. At the beginning of December 2012, the development concept was presented in a total of four information events.
York barracks: planned York quarters
The plans for the new York quarter are already quite detailed. A quarter with around 1,800 apartments is to be developed on the former barracks area in Gremmendorf. A team of architects led by the Lorenzen office won the urban planning competition in 2014. The further developed urban design represents the overall concept for the development of the quarter. In addition to the residential structures, it also depicts many other development goals. The development plan will create the legal planning basis for the implementation of the urban planning goals. The land-use plan procedure started after the city council decided to draw up the necessary development plan and to change the zoning plan.
Planning for the new York quarter:
- New networking and links with the previous district of Gremmendorf ;
- New district center;
- Squares, courtyards and green spaces as high-quality places for stay, leisure activities and encounters;
- Forest meadow in the west with space for games and sports;
- Mix of listed building stock and new building;
- Around 1,800 residential units in urban, mixed structures, offering different types of living;
- Expansion of the public infrastructure: u. a. Primary school location, day care centers;
- Other social institutions, u. a. Town house in the former officers' mess.
Oxford barracks: planned Oxford quarters
Over the next few years, an urban quarter for living, working and living will be created on the approximately 26 hectare site of the former Oxford barracks. In the current planning phase, the future urban development will be further elaborated. The planning of the Oxford Quarter is in its second phase. The planned new Oxford quarter should be characterized by the following qualities:
- The diverse networking and integration in the district;
- The mix of listed buildings and new buildings;
- Over 1100 residential units in urban, mixed structures;
- Its park-like boulevard and
- the redesigned former parade ground as the lively center of the quarter.
See also
literature
- Office for Urban Development, Urban Planning, Transport Planning: Conversion , accessed on November 19, 2017.
- Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): Practical advice military conversion. Berlin 2013.
- Ministry for Building and Housing of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (Ed.): More apartments through conversion of areas used by the military. First practical experience in NRW. 1996 (contractor: empirica).
Web links
- Homepage of the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks (BImA)
- Westphalia regional: Conversion of areas used by the military in Westphalia
Single receipts
- ↑ Overview of the conversion in Münster , accessed on November 19, 2017.
- ↑ http://www.heimatmuseum-kinderhaus.de/resources/Rundwege_Kinderhaus_Web.pdf ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/pdf/skulpturen.pdf 1998
