Comb wheel

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Comb wheel (right) and stock wheel (also called basket wheel ) (above)
Axial-parallel transmission by means of a crown and spur gear
A comb wheel on the vane axis acts on the crown wheel at the upper end of the vertical shaft

A comb wheel (mhd. Kamprat ; English cogwheel ) is a gear whose teeth protrude like a comb. The two basic forms are the spur gear , in which the teeth protrude from the circumference of the wheel rim perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and the crown wheel , the comb wheel in the narrower sense, in which the teeth protrude laterally out of the wheel parallel or at a slight angle to the axis of rotation. The term crown wheel is mostly used in mill technology for a comb wheel with a vertical axis, the comb of which is reminiscent of a crown .

In the German dictionary of the Brothers Grimm the definition was:

“KAMMRAD, wheel with a comb (sp. 103), pin, teeth with which it engages another wheel while moving; With FRISCH only then when 'the teeth stand out next to the circumference of the wheel', he means perpendicular to the periphery (crown wheel), with ADELUNG also when the teeth are in the extension of the radii (spur gear). "

Comb wheels can be found in many historical machines, especially mills. Most of the time, the wheel that transmits the rotary movement of the blade axis or the water wheel shaft to the machine is designed as a comb wheel. Comb wheels are often made of elm or oak wood , which is arranged in several offset layers to increase stability. The wood of the hornbeam was often used for the teeth or combs . The teeth are inserted individually, which makes them easier to replace when worn or damaged. Because of their easier maintenance, lower costs and less noise generation, wooden comb wheels were able to hold their own against metal ones until the 20th century.

The transmission of the rotary movement can take place between parallel or angled axes of rotation, depending on the design of the gear unit . A spur gear for axially parallel transmission consists of a spur gear and a crown gear or a stick or spindle gear. For angular transmission, the gears consist of two pinion gears or are designed as pinion-stock gear gears.

  • Toothing of two comb wheels

  • The teeth are locked on the back with wooden wedges

  • Fixation with the help of metal pins

  • Comb wheel (bunker) with two rows of combs

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Peter Theißen: Mills in the Münsterland. The use of water and windmills in the upper monastery of Münster from the end of the Middle Ages to secularization (1803). Waxmann, Münster 2001, ISBN 3-89325-900-7 , p. 78 ( Google books ).
  2. ↑ KAMMRAD. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . 16 volumes in 32 sub-volumes, 1854–1960. S. Hirzel, Leipzig ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  3. ↑ Johann Christoph Adelung : Grammatical-critical dictionary of the High German dialect. Volume 2. Leipzig 1796, p. 1489 ( Zeno.org ).
  4. ↑ Comb wheel. In: Museum Mill Abbenrode am Elm. Retrieved August 31, 2011 .