Kihansi power plant
| Kihansi power plant | ||
|---|---|---|
| location | ||
|
||
| Coordinates | 8 ° 34 '30 " S , 35 ° 51' 5" E | |
| country |
 Tanzania
|
|
| place | Mufindi District , Iringa Region | |
| Waters | Kihansi | |
| power plant | ||
| owner | Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO) | |
| operator | TANESCO | |
| construction time | 1994 to 2000 | |
| Start of operation | 1999 | |
| technology | ||
| Bottleneck performance | 180 megawatts | |
| Average height of fall |
853.5 m | |
| Expansion flow | 25 m³ / s | |
| Standard work capacity | 1,000 million kWh / year | |
| Turbines | Pelton turbines 3 × 60 MW | |
| Generators | 3 × 71.5 MVA | |
| Others | ||
The Kihansi power plant ( English Kihansi Hydro Plant ) is a run-of-river power plant in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania in the Mufindi district , Iringa region . It takes advantage of a difference in altitude of more than 800 m between the Kihansi and Kilombero Rivers . The city of Iringa is about 80 km north.
Preparatory work such as building an access road began in July 1994. The actual construction work started in July 1995 and was completed in February 2000. The power plant went into operation in December 1999. It was officially opened on July 10, 2000 by then President Benjamin William Mkapa . The power plant is owned and operated by Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO).
Barrier structure
The barrier structure consists of a concrete gravity dam with a height of 25 m and a crown length of 200 m. The volume of the dam is 58,830 m³. The dam wall has a flood relief in its middle , through which a maximum of 470 m³ / s can be discharged. On the left side of the dam is the inlet, from which a tunnel with a length of 2,276 m and a vertical shaft with a height of 508 m lead to the machine house.
Reservoir
The dam dams the Kihansi , a tributary of the Kilombero , into a small reservoir. When fully backed up , it extends over an area of around 0.26 km² and holds 1 million m³.
power plant
The Kihansi power plant has an installed capacity of 180 MW . The average annual generation is 1 billion (or 730 or 935 million) kWh. The three Pelton turbines with a vertical axis each produce a maximum of 60 MW and the associated generators 71.5 MVA . You are in a cavern (length 70.3 m, width 12.6 m, height 33.6 m). The power plant can be expanded by two more Pelton turbines with 60 MW each. The fall height is 853.5 m. The maximum flow rate is 8.3 m³ / s per turbine.
A 97 km long 220 kV line leads from the switchgear to the substation in Iringa and a 178 km long 220 kV line to the switchgear of the Kidatu power plant .
Others
The total cost of the power plant amounted to 275 million USD . The cost of the dam and related work was approximately $ 36 million. The project was supported by KfW . The generation costs per kWh at the Kihansi power plant were originally estimated at 2 to 4 US cents, while the average generation costs per kWh in Tanzania are 10 to 11 US cents.
The endemic toad species Nectophrynoides asperginis lives at the foot of the Kihansi waterfall and is now listed by the IUCN with the status EW ( Extinct in the Wild : extinct in nature). The reason for the disappearance is believed to be the construction of the dam, which reduced the water supply to the waterfalls by 90%. The toad species was only discovered in 1996 after construction of the dam had already started.
15 million USD were spent on ecological compensation measures, TANESCO a further 6 to 8 million USD per year is lost due to the reduced electricity generation, because part of the water is reserved for the waterfall. As a result, the generation costs per kWh at the Kihansi power plant rose to around 5 US cents.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Kihansi Falls pave the way for power development. www.waterpowermagazine.com, March 15, 2000, accessed July 26, 2015 .
- ↑ a b c d e Lower Kihansi hydroelectric project. www.salini-impregilo.com, accessed on July 25, 2015 (English).
- ↑ a b c d Kihansi. (No longer available online.) Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO), archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on July 25, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b c d Lower Kihansi Hydropower Project, Tanzania. www.power-technology.com, accessed on July 25, 2015 (English).
- ^ A b Lower Kihansi Hydropower Dam and Reservoir Project, Tanzania. www.water-technology.net, accessed on July 26, 2015 (English).
- ↑ a b Construction of the Kihansi hydroelectric power station. (PDF 90.2 KB) www.cleaner-production.de, accessed on July 26, 2015 .
- ↑ a b c Tanzania: Lower Kihansi Hydropower Station. (PDF 53 KB) KfW , accessed on July 25, 2015 (English).
- ↑ Kihansi Spray Toad. www.amphibians.org, accessed on July 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Nectophrynoides asperginis (Kihansi spray toad). www.nhm.ac.uk, accessed July 25, 2015 (English).
- ^ Lower Kihansi Hydropower Project: An Evaluation of the Project Against World Commission on Dams Guidelines. www.internationalrivers.org, May 10, 2001, accessed July 26, 2015 .
