Crepe

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Krepe is a ground monument in the district of Groß Schwechten in the Stendal district in Saxony-Anhalt .

geography

The crepe, also popularly known as the “Räuberberg”, is located 1.5 kilometers southwest of Eichstedt and 3 kilometers north of Borstel on the western bank of the Uchte north of the mouth of the Speckgraben in the Uchte in a lowland. The oak-lined castle hill has a diameter of over 60 meters and a height of around 3 meters. It is surrounded by a faintly recognizable moat.

history

The Niederungsburg Krepe is equated in older literature with the court place Krepe. This could not be proven in new archaeological field research. The location of the court is not known today. She wasn't right on the hill. Possibly the court met under other oaks of the former crepe forest.

The crepe is mentioned in Richtsteig Landrechts , the glosses on the Sachsenspiegel written by Johann von Buch around 1330/1335 , as the site of a bailiff 's court. The judge's seat on the Krepe was of national importance. He formed the higher authority for the court on the latch near Riewend in Brandenburg. Anyone who was dissatisfied with the verdict of the “Krepe” court and wanted to “scold” it could appeal to the Salzwedeler Vogteigericht zur Linden near Groß Bierstedt, as the last instance to the court or chamber court in Tangermünde.

On a map from around 1780 the place is named as “court”.

Willibald Alexis dealt with the topic of the old regional courts in the Mark Brandenburg as early as 1842 in his novel The False Woldemar and reported on the crepe.

In 1869, the teacher Ludwig Götze had drawn a "location map of the Krep thing". At the end of the 19th century there was a sheepfold there, which Dietrichs and Parisius reproduced in a steel engraving. Wilhelm Zahn reported in 1909 about the desertification of the Krepe court : “ There is a lonely stable on the spot.” This was demolished after 1938. The terrain adjoining to the west was then called “vorm Burgwall”.

Altmark historians

In 1579, the historian Christoph Entzelt mentions the desolate place in his Altmärkische Chronik: “and the Uchta runs from Eichstedt to Lütkeschwechten… the Kripa, which comes down from Peulingen, collects from the marshes, runs up to the holtz, from which it takes its name there is the Kripe, when the splendid old castle now closes, also called the Kripa, since the noble gentlemen von Roretz used to live there. "

Beckmann wrote in 1753: “Between Borstel and Eichstät on the Ucht in holze Krep, on the great Schwechtenschen feldmark, there is still an estate from a castle which, according to Entzelt's report, the Lords of Roretz are said to have owned, including the castle wall and the Watching double digs ... The common speech implies that the inhabitants of Stendal completely demolished the remnants of the walls: because there were robbers in them, of whom various pranks are still being told, the place is also named Räuberberg. There should still be vaults in the hill, the entrances of which are in ruins; although no investigation is made. "

There is no information about the Ritter Roretz in documents.

Archaeological field research 2014 and 2015

The Krepe is an extremely stately early brick complex that was built shortly before 1200 without a predecessor and was used until the middle third of the 13th century at the most.

The building was then demolished and ransacked in the premodern era for the extraction of building material. Foundations were broken out so that no foundation stones could be exposed in their original position under mountains of rubble. The researchers Biermann and Posselt report a "central disturbance" ", which" could have been a round rather than an angular tower of considerable size. "

In March and November 2014 and in March 2015, the area was surveyed as part of the DFG project "The Motte - Spread of a type of castle on the Elbe and Oder". Metal detector inspections and geomagnetic prospecting are carried out . The hill was examined as part of a teaching excavation at the University of Göttingen . This enabled charred oak that had been in the groundwater for centuries to be recovered. These and other wood finds allowed the dendrochronological dating of the construction period. Biermann and Posselt published the results of the research in 2018.

The research was funded by the German Research Foundation as part of a research grant and a Heisenberg grant . In addition to the State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt, researchers and institutions from all over Germany were involved in the work.

Origin of the place name

Well-known names are "Krepe", "Krep", "Kripa", "Creppin", "Kriep", "Krippe", "Kröppe". Biermann-Posselt explain: On the one hand, “Krepe” is said to have been the historical name of a stream flowing into the Uchte, the “Speck” or “Riengraben”, but this is uncertain. "Crepe" can be derived from the Slavic and with "fortified place", as in Russian "Крепость" (for fortress) or it can be associated with "hill", as in Old Czech "chrb". Or it is put to Middle Low German "crepe, krupen" (crawl). In addition, a Germanic basic form * kreup- with the meaning "bent, bent, humped" should be thought of.

But it could also be related to the word "count" or "secular judge"; In Low German it is called "Greve", "Grebe".

Sage - the golden cradle in the Krepe castle hill

This legend was transmitted in a collection of legends from the 20th century. The Krepe is said to have been one of the largest castles. It was destroyed in a fight. A long time ago, a band of robbers wreaked havoc under the ruins of the castle. The robbers attacked hikers and plundered merchants passing through. A large golden cradle served them as a treasure chest, which they kept hidden deep in the castle hill. The cradle only saw a peasant girl who one day attacked and captured the gang. They were forced to run the robbers' household. It was closely guarded. One lunchtime when the robbers were in a deep sleep, the maiden escaped and fled to her parents in Eichstedt . Shortly before she reached the village, the robbers almost caught up with her. One drew his sword against her. The robber only cut off her long blond braid. Thus the hideaway of the robbers had become known. They were caught and executed. But the cradle was not found.

Web links

literature

  • Peter P. Rohrlach: Historical local lexicon for the Altmark (Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg, Part XII) . Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-8305-2235-5 , pp. 1260 .
  • Felix Biermann, Norms Posselt: »Räuberberg« with brick castle - The »Krepe« near Groß Schwechten, district of Stendal (= State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt and the Archaeological Society in Saxony-Anhalt eV [Ed.]: Archeology in Saxony- Anhalt . Issue 9). 2018, ZDB -ID 1115319-2 , p. 260-271 ( academia.edu ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Saxony-Anhalt viewer of the State Office for Surveying and Geoinformation ( notes )
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Felix Biermann, Norms Posselt: "Räuberberg" with brick castle - The "crepe" near Groß Schwechten, district of Stendal (= State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt and the Archaeological Society in Saxony-Anhalt eV [ Hrsg.]: Archeology in Saxony-Anhalt . Issue 9). 2018, ZDB -ID 1115319-2 , p. 260-271 ( on academia.edu ).
  3. ^ Carl Gustav Homeyer : The Richtsteig Landrechts . together with Cautela and Premis. Reimer, Berlin 1857, p. 314 , Chapter 50, §3 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A10552424~SZ%3D00328~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
  4. ^ Peter P. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for the Altmark (Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg, part XII) . Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-8305-2235-5 , pp. 1260 .
  5. ↑ Willibald Alexis : The wrong Woldemar . tape 1 , 1842, p. 251-252 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A10310189_00258~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
  6. ↑ Ludwig Götze: The Krep in the Altmark (=  Märkische researches . Volume XIV. ). Berlin 1878, p. 41-53 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A11370453_00047~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
  7. ^ Hermann Dietrichs, Ludolf Parisius : Pictures from the Altmark . Megalithic tombs and courts. tape 1 , 1883, p. 273 ( on ub.uni-duesseldorf.de ).
  8. ^ A b Wilhelm Zahn : The desertions of the Altmark . In: Historical sources of the Province of Saxony and neighboring areas . tape 43 . Hendel, Halle as 1909, p. 356–357 , 294. Krepe court .
  9. ^ Hermann Bohm (Ed.): Christoph Entzelts Altmärkische Chronik . Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1911, p. 44 , Chapter 6 ( uni-potsdam.de ).
  10. ^ Johann Christoph Becmann, Bernhard Ludwig Beckmann: Historical description of the Chur and Mark Brandenburg . Part five, book I, chapter II. Berlin 1753, columns 254-255 ( uni-potsdam.de ).
  11. ↑ Martin Ehlies, Josef Beranek, Rudi Hartwig: Legends from the Altmark. 2. Special issue of the Altmarkbote (= Deutscher Kulturbund [Hrsg.]: The Altmarkbote ). 1962, p. 29–30 , The golden cradle in the Krepe castle hill .

Coordinates: 52 ° 40 ′ 1.1 ″  N , 11 ° 50 ′ 29.5 ″  E