Ball-petaled devil's claw

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Ball-petaled devil's claw
Globular devil's claw (Phyteuma globulariifolium)

Globular devil's claw ( Phyteuma globulariifolium )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Bellflower family (Campanulaceae)
Subfamily : Campanuloideae
Genre : Devil's Claws ( Phyteuma )
Type : Ball-petaled devil's claw
Scientific name
Phyteuma globulariifolium
Sternb. & Hoppe

The Kugelblumenblättrige devil's claw ( Phyteuma globulariifolium ), also Armblütige devil's claw , smallest Teufelskralle called, is a species of the genus of devil's claw ( Phyteuma ) within the family of the bell flower plants (Campanulaceae).

description

Illustration from Atlas of Alpine Flora

Vegetative characteristics

The spherical flower-leaved devil's claw is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 1 to 6 centimeters. The basal leaves , arranged in rosettes, are usually 1 to 3 centimeters long and the top pair of teeth (if any) does not or only slightly protrudes from the tip of the blade. They are obovate or lanceolate in outline, more rarely linear-elliptical. They are narrowed into the petiole and widest near the tip. The stem leaves are similar but smaller. All leaves are bare or ciliate. They are indistinctly notched-serrated or with entire margins.

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Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to September. The head-shaped , spherical inflorescence contains two to seven (twelve) flowers. The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The petals are blue-violet. The corolla is curved in the bud. The outer bracts are circular to ovate, the inner lanceolate, pointed or blunt and sometimes notched at the tip. Or all bracts are lanceolate. They are shorter or longer than the inflorescence. The number of scars is 3.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Habitus, leaves and inflorescences of Phyteuma globulariifolum subsp. pedemontanum

Occurrence

The distribution area includes the Alps and Pyrenees . In Austria , it occurs in the subalpine to alpine altitude range in the federal states of Styria, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg.

The globular flower-leaved devil's claw thrives mostly in wind-exposed grasslands , rock and rubble corridors , especially over silicate , but also over limestone schist . It is a character species of the association Caricion curvulae.

Systematics

The first description of Phyteuma globulariifolium was made in 1818 by Kaspar Maria von Sternberg and David Heinrich Hoppe . Synonyms of Phyteuma globulariifolium Sternb. & Hoppe are: Phyteuma pauciflorum var. Macrophyllum Schur , Phyteuma pauciflorum subsp. globulariifolium (Sternb. & Hoppe) Nyman , Phyteuma pauciflorum L. nom. rej., rapunculus pauciflorus (L.) Mill. , Phyteuma capituliforme Rochel , Phyteuma parviflorum Mutel orth. var., Phyteuma nanum Schur , Phyteuma hemisphaericum var. transsilvanicum Schur , Phyteuma pauciflorum var. nanum (Schur) Schur , Phyteuma pauciflorum var. acutifolium Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma pauciflorum var. Nanum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma pauciflorum var. Tirolense Rich.Schulz . Subspecies are controversial.

There are two subspecies depending on the author:

  • Phyteuma globulariifolium Sternb. & Hoppe subsp. globulariifolium . This subspecies is only 1–5 centimeters high. The outer bracts are blunt.
  • Phyteuma globulariifolium subsp. pedemontanum (R.Schulz) Bech. (Syn .: Phyteuma pedemontanum Rich.Schulz , Phyteuma pauciflorum subsp. Pedemontanum (Rich.Schulz) P.Fourn. ). This subspecies reaches heights of 5–12 centimeters. Their outer bracts are lanceolate and briefly pointed.

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Jürgen Damboldt: Phyteuma L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea . Volume 4, pages 95-98. Cambridge University Press 1976. ISBN 0-521-08717-1
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  898 .
  3. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Last accessed April 12, 2016.
  4. ↑ a b c Gerald M. Schneeweiss, Clemens Pachschwöll, Andreas Tribsch, Peter Schönswetter, Michael HJ Barfuss, Korinna Esfeld, Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Mike Thiv: Molecular phylogenetic analyzes identify Alpine differentiation and dysploid chromosome number changes as major forces for the evolution of the European endemic Phyteuma (Campanulaceae). In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 69, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 634-52. Full text PDF. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2013.07.015

Web links

Commons : Globular devil's claw ( Phyteuma globulariifolium )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files