Kummanni

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In the middle of the second millennium BC, Kummanni was the capital and a cult city of the Kingdom of Kizzuwatna in southeastern Anatolia .

location

The location of Kumanni is not certain; it may be identical to the later Greek komana (commana). However, there are two places with this name - Komana Pontika on the Iris ( Gümenek ) river and Komana in Cappadocia (Kataonia) near Saros (Şar). It is unclear which of the two is the older. Strabon claims that Komana Pontika is a colony of Komana in Cappadocia, while according to Prokop (Bellum Persicum, I 17) both cities were founded by Orestes on his way back from Tauris in the Crimea and Komana Pontika is the older one.

Komana in Cappadocia is much closer to Cilicia and is therefore more likely to be accepted as Kummanni. Recent research suggests localization in the east of the Cilicia plains, possibly on Sirkeli Höyük (e.g. Forlanini 2013).

cult

The religious cults of Kummani had a Hurrian character, and the deities worshiped here were the weather god of the mountain Manuziya , the goddess Ḫepat and her son Sarruma as well as the oath goddess Išḫara and also deities of lower rank.

literature

  • Mario Liverani (Ed.): Neo-Assyrian geography (= Quaderni di geografia storica. 5, ZDB -ID 778685-2 ). Università di Roma - Dipartimento di scienze storiche, archeologiche e antropologiche dell'Antichità, Rome 1995.
  • Massimo Forlanini: How to infer Ancient Roads and Intineraries from heterogenous Hittite Texts: The Case of the Cilician (Kizzuwatnean) Road System. In: Kaskal. Vol. 10, 2013, pp. 1-34, doi : 10.1400 / 217176 .
  • Mirko Novák , Susanne Rutishauser: Kizzuwatna: Archeology. In: Mark Weeden, Lee Z. Ullmann (Ed.): Hittite Landscape and Geography (= Handbuch der Orientalistik . Dept. 1: The Near and Middle East. 121). Brill, Leiden et al. 2017, ISBN 978-90-04-34174-6 , pp. 134-145.