Kyūsaku Ogino

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Kyūsaku Ogino (1924)

Kyūsaku Ogino ( Japanese 荻 野 久 作 , Ogino Kyūsaku ; born March 25, 1882 in Toyohashi ; † January 1, 1975 in Yorii ) was a Japanese gynecologist and obstetrician .

Life

He was born Kyūsaku Nakamura ( 中 村 久 作 ) on a farm in Toyohashi in 1882 and was adopted in 1901 by Shinobu Ogino, a scholar of classical Chinese literature. After studying medicine at the Imperial University of Tokyo, he worked as a doctor and researcher at the university hospital until he was appointed to the department of gynecology and obstetrics at Takeyama Hospital in Niigata . In 1924 he published a paper in the journal of the Japanese Society for Gynecology with the title "On the time of ovulation, the connection between the corpus luteum and cyclical changes in the endometrium, the cycle of cyclical changes in the endometrium and the conception date". This article was awarded the research prize of the same society the following year. With his thesis “Research on the human corpus luteum”, in which he summarized his previous research results, he received his doctorate in medicine from the Imperial University of Tokyo. In Europe, Ogino presented his calculation method at the 21st Congress of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Leipzig in 1929 .

In the course of medically necessary operations in the abdominal cavity and through detailed questioning of his patients, he collected large amounts of data on the time of ovulation, the formation of the corpus luteum and the cyclical changes in the uterine lining. From this, Ogino developed a method to estimate the fertile phase in the menstrual cycle based on the length of the woman's previous cycles. The Austrian Hermann Knaus developed a little later and independently of Ogino and without knowledge of the research is a very similar process to calculate the fertile days in a woman's cycle performance. The calculation method became known as the Knaus-Ogino calculation method and is used in both directions, i.e. both as a method of contraception and to determine the optimal day to have children.

Ogino's calculation method, like the slightly different method used by Hermann Knaus, is unreliable as a contraceptive method by today's standards, but was better than the few otherwise available in his time. Ogino's main achievement was to replace the previously common counting method based on cycle weeks with the much more accurate day counting.

Ogino was awarded the Asahi Prize in 1966 . Already during his lifetime, namely in 1951, Ogino was made an honorary citizen of the city of Niigata; Ogino Street named after him still exists today. He died in Yorii in 1975 at the age of 92.

Fonts (selection)

  • Kyusaku Ogino (translation Miyagawa Yonez): Conception Period of Women. Medical Arts Publishing Company, Harrisburg, Pa., 1934

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Suzuki Atsushi: Japanese Doctors Who Moved the World (Japanese), Jiku shuppan, 2006.
  2. ^ Foreword by Ogino Kyusaku in Kinoshita Obstetrics and Gynecological Series No 9: Gynecological Conception, 1934, translation by Daisuke Yoshimura
  3. ^ Exhibition board in Niigata Hospital. Translation by Daisuke Yoshimura
  4. ↑ Suzuki Atsushi: Japanese Doctors Who Moved the World (Japanese), Jiku shuppan, 2006.
  5. ↑ Susanne Krejsa MacManus, Christian Fiala: The detective of fertile days , Verlagshaus der Ärzte, 2016, ISBN 978-3-99052-146-5 , p. 71.
  6. ↑ Susanne Formanek: The Ogino-Knaus method for determining the (un) fertile days of women , in: The Republic of Austria and Japan during the interwar period 1918–1938 (1945), Contributions to Japanology, Volume 42, 2013. ISBN 978- 3-900362-25-6 , pp. 255-282.
personal data
SURNAME Ogino, Kyūsaku
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ogino, Kjusaku; 荻 野 久 作 (Japanese); Nakamura, Kyūsaku (maiden name); 中 村 久 作 (maiden name, Japanese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Japanese gynecologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 25, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Toyohashi
DATE OF DEATH 1st January 1975
Place of death Yorii