Lacerba
Lacerba was an Italian literary magazine published in Florence that contributed significantly to the spread of the ideas of Futurism between 1913 and 1915 . The history of the magazine is closely linked to the names Giovanni Papini , Ardengo Soffici and Aldo Palazzeschi .
prehistory
Giovanni Papini and Ardengo Soffici worked closely together since 1903 to promote the Italian avant-garde. This happened mainly through articles in the magazines Il Regno , Leonardo and La Voce . (Papini was editor-in-chief of Il Regno from 1903 to 1904 and of Leonardo from 1903 to 1907 ) Papini and Soffici placed their greatest hope in the magazine La Voce , published by Giuseppe Prezzolini was headed. Differences with Giuseppe Prezzolini caused the two publicists to leave La Voce and found Lacerba . The title goes back to a scientific-philosophical poem called L'Acerba by the Italian poet and astrologer / astronomer Francesco Stabili, better known as Cecco d'Ascoli (1269–1327), which ended up at the stake of the Inquisition not least because of this work .
Lacerba as a culture magazine
The first edition of Lacerba appeared on January 1, 1913. Papini and Soffici were the editors. The magazine was financed, published and printed by Attilio Vallecchi, in whose important publishing house La Voce also appeared. Vallecchi also printed most of the avant-garde books, which were also sold in his bookstores called La Voce . The newspaper, which had a positive balance, initially appeared twice a month at a price of 4 Soldi. In the interventionist phase, it was published as a weekly magazine for the price of 2 Soldi. A total of 70 issues were published. The editors first came into contact with the Futurists in 1911 after Sofficis had published a derogatory article in La Voce about the artistic value of an exhibition by the Futurists in Milan. Marinetti, Boccioni, Carrá and Russolo undertook a punitive expedition to Florence, which resulted in beatings with Papini and Soffici under the intervention of the executive. Talks in detention, however, gradually led to rapprochement and cooperation, although Soffici and Papini continued to be critical of futurism. Papini brought this criticism to the point on February 15, 1914 with his contribution "The circle closes". In it he declared futurism basically as a step backwards. A general return to the profane would ignore all previous stages of development of human sensitivity and the human spirit. With the "liberated words" and the noise "art" the highly developed poetry and sound art would be reduced to the level of communication and perception of primitive man. Regarding the trend towards collages, he noted that the best still life in the future would be a glued living room. Violent reactions followed, but the collaboration within the framework of the newspaper was continued.
Lacerba as a political magazine
With the outbreak of World War I , the character of the magazine changed fundamentally after discussions between Marinettis, Papini and the publisher. The magazine became (almost exclusively) the mouthpiece of the interventionists. It was argued that one should take up arms not only because of the irredenta, but above all because of France. One owes France not only statehood, but also half of the culture of the past 200 years, which is now endangered by the Central Powers. The censor intervened massively and ensured that an average of 25% of the issues were overprinted in black. Recently, Papini has been complaining more and more that apart from a few actions, the Futurists had hardly supported interventionism. The last two issues contained massive threats to the government and the king:
“War against the Germans or civil war, war against the Germans or revolution, war against the Germans or the republic. The king should remember that the cry: - Long live the war! - has already been replaced in many cities by the cry - Long live the republic! "
The last edition appeared on the day of the Italian declaration of war and was entitled “We have won!” The discontinuation of the magazine was justified with the fact that the editors would now rush to the flags.
Most important employees
Giovanni Papini , ardengo soffici , Aldo Palazzeschi , Italo Tavolato, Massimo Campigli , Paul Fort , Guillaume Apollinaire , Pablo Picasso , Max Jacob , Jules Laforgue , Ambroise Vollard , Filippo Tommaso Marinetti , Umberto Boccioni , Luigi Russolo , Francesco Balilla Pratella , Stephane Mallarme , Francesco Cangiullo , Pasqualino Cangiullo , Paolo Buzzi , Luciano Folgore , Corrado Govoni , Binazzi, Gino Severini
literature
- Caroline Tisdall, Angelo Bozzola: Futurism. London 2000, ISBN 0-500-20159-5 .
- Ingo Bartsch, Maurizio Scudiero (Ed.): “... we machines too, we also mechanized! … “The second phase of Italian futurism 1915–1945. Bielefeld 2002, ISBN 3-933040-81-7 .
- Maurizio Calvesi: Futurism. Munich 1975.
- Christa Baumgarth: History of Futurism. Reinbek near Hamburg 1966.
- Evelyn Benesch, Ingried Brugger: Futurism - Radical Avant-garde. Exhibition catalog. Milan 2003, ISBN 88-202-1602-7 .
- Hansgeorg Schmidt-Bergmann : Futurism - History, Aesthetics, Documents. Reinbek near Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-499-55535-2 .
swell
- ↑ Tisdall, Bozzola: Futurism. London 1977, p. 175.
