Ladakh dwarf hamster

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Ladakh dwarf hamster
Systematics
Superfamily : Mice-like (Muroidea)
Family : Burrowers (Cricetidae)
Subfamily : Hamster (Cricetinae)
Genre : Gray hamster ( Cricetulus )
Subgenus : Tibetan dwarf hamsters ( Urocricetus )
Type : Ladakh dwarf hamster
Scientific name
Cricetulus alticola
Thomas , 1917

The Ladakh dwarf hamster or Indian dwarf hamster ( Cricetulus alticola ) is a type of hamster belonging to the Tibetan dwarf hamsters . In some classifications it is assigned to the Kham dwarf hamster or the Tibetan dwarf hamster . In other classifications he is assigned Cricetulus tibetanus . He inhabits the western highlands of Tibet in China , western Nepal and the extreme north of India .

Body features

Karyotype
2n = 22

The head-trunk length of the Ladakh dwarf hamster is 80 to 98 millimeters, the tail length 36 to 42 millimeters, the hind foot length 15 to 18 millimeters and the ear length 13 to 16 millimeters. The largest skull length is 25 to 28 millimeters, the body weight is 22 to 48 grams and the number of chromosomes is 22.

The fur on the top is gray-yellow-brown and there are no spots on the back. The demarcation between the fur on the top and the bottom is indistinct and runs more like a wavy line along the flank. The hips are gray and the tail is short, light brown on top and white on the underside. The tympanic sacs are small and the enamel of the first upper molar has a pronounced pattern of folds.

The Ladakh dwarf hamster differs from the Kham dwarf hamster in that the tail is less than five centimeters long and the hips are not colored black. It shares these characteristics with the Tibetan dwarf hamster, with Cricetulus tibetanus and with the gray dwarf hamster , but differs from them in the pronounced fold pattern of the first upper molar tooth.

Way of life

The habitat of the Ladakh dwarf hamster are coniferous and birch forests , desert steppes , scrubland as well as wetlands and highland meadows . It apparently occupies a very broad ecological niche and is usually found at altitudes between 3100 and 5200 meters. It is mainly nocturnal but can also be active during the day and feeds on the seeds of grasses , cereals and insects . The reproduction takes place from May to August, the highlight is in June and July. The number of young animals per litter is five to ten, the most common are seven to eight young animals.

Distribution and existence

Ladakh dwarf hamster (China)
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Locations of the Ladakh dwarf hamster:
  • red: location of the type specimen
  • black: localities in China
Other sites in India and sites in Nepal are not shown.

The distribution area of the Ladakh dwarf hamster are the southwest of Xinjiang and the northwest of Tibet in China, the west of Nepal and Ladakh in the north of India. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified it as not endangered worldwide and in China .

Systematics and naming

The Ladakh dwarf hamster is usually considered to be a distinct species (Thomas, 1917; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Ellerman, 1961; Corbet, 1978; Corbet and Hill, 1980; Honacki and coworkers, 1982; Nowak and Paradiso , 1983; Corbet and Hill, 1986; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Nowak, 1991; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pawlinow and co-workers, 1995; Nowak, 1999; Pawlinow, 2003; Duff and Lawson, 2004; Musser and Carleton, 2005 ; Smith and Hoffmann, 2008). In some classifications , however, it is listed as a subspecies of the Kham dwarf hamster (Feng and co-workers, 1986; Zhang and co-workers, 1997; Wang, 2003) or the Tibetan dwarf hamster (Argiropulo, 1933). According to Flint (1966), on the other hand, it is possibly a subspecies of the gray dwarf hamster .

The type specimen of Ladakh dwarf hamster was in Chushul in the region Ladakh found in Jammu and Kashmir at an altitude of 4115 meters and 1917 by Oldfield Thomas as Cricetulus alticola described . The specific epithet alticola is derived from the Latin altum ("high") and incola ("inhabitant") and is male . Honigs (2005) uses the German trivial name "Indian or Ladak dwarf hamster."

literature

Further reading:

  • Burton K. Lim, Patricia D. Ross: Taxonomic status of Alticola and a new record of Cricetulus from Nepal . In: Mammalia . tape 56 , 1992, ISSN  0025-1461 , pp. 300-302 (English).

Mainly used literature:

  • Wladimir Evgenjewitsch Flint: The dwarf hamsters of the Palearctic fauna . In: The New Brehm Library . 2nd Edition. tape 366 . Westarp Wissenschaften, Hohenwarsleben 2006, ISBN 3-89432-766-9 (first edition: 1966, reprint of the 1st edition from 1966).
  • Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea . In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference . 3. Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 , pp. 894–1531 (English, full text of the collective work ).
  • Andrew T. Smith, Robert S. Hoffmann: Subfamily Cricetinae . In: Andrew T. Smith, Xie Yan (Eds.): A Guide to the Mammals of China . Princeton University Press, Princeton / Oxford 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , pp. 239-247 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f A. T. Smith, RS Hoffmann: Subfamily Cricetinae. 2008, p. 242.
  2. ↑ a b c Oldfield Thomas: [title unknown] . In: Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8 . tape 19 , 1917, pp. 455 (English). (Quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  3. ↑ a b Feng Zuo-Jiang, Cai Gui-Quan, Zheng Chang-Lin: The Mammals of Xizang. The comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau . Publishing house of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1986 (Chinese). (Quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  4. ^ BK Lim, PD Ross: Taxonomic status of Alticola and a new record of Cricetulus from Nepal. 1992. (quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  5. ^ VC Agrawal: Taxonomic Studies on Indian Muridae and Hystricidae (Mammalia: Rodentia) . Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 2000 (English). (Quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  6. ↑ Jonathan EM Baillie: Cricetulus alticola . In: IUCN 2007 (Ed.): 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 1996 (English).
  7. ↑ Wang Sung, Xie Yan (Eds.): China Species Red List. Volume 1: Red List . Higher Education Press, Beijing 2004 (Chinese). (Quoted in: AT Smith, RS Hoffmann: Subfamily Cricetinae. 2008, p. 242)
  8. ↑ John Reeves Ellerman: The Families and Genera of Living Rodents. Volume 2: Family Muridae . British Museum (Natural History), London 1941 (English). (Quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  9. ↑ John Reeves Ellerman, Terence Charles Stuart Morrison-Scott: Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946 . British Museum (Natural History), London 1951 (English). (Quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  10. ↑ John Reeves Ellerman: Rodentia. Volume 3 . In: The Fauna of India Including Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon. Mammalia . 2nd Edition. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 1961, p. 1-482, 483-884 (English). (Quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  11. ^ Gordon Barclay Corbet: The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region. A Taxonomic Review . British Museum (Natural History) / Cornell University Press, London 1978, ISBN 0-8014-1171-8 (English). (Quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  12. ^ Gordon Barclay Corbet, John Edwards Hill: A World List of Mammalian Species . British Museum (Natural History) / Comstock Publishing Associates (Cornell University Press), London / Ithaca 1980, ISBN 0-8014-1260-9 , pp. 157 (English).
  13. ↑ James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference . Allen Press / Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence (Kansas) 1982, ISBN 0-942924-00-2 , pp. 405 (English).
  14. ↑ Ronald M. Nowak, John L. Paradiso: Walker's Mammals of the World . 4th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore / London 1983, ISBN 0-8018-2525-3 , pp. 623 (English).
  15. ^ Gordon Barclay Corbet, John Edwards Hill: A World List of Mammalian Species . 2nd Edition. Facts on File Publications / British Museum (Natural History), New York / London 1986, ISBN 0-8160-1548-1 , pp. 175 (English).
  16. ^ Gordon Barclay Corbet, John Edwards Hill: A World List of Mammalian Species . 3. Edition. Natural History Museum Publications / Oxford University Press, London / New York 1991, ISBN 0-19-854017-5 , pp. 164 (English).
  17. ↑ Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World . 5th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore / London 1991, ISBN 0-8018-2525-3 , pp. 706 (English).
  18. ↑ Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton: Family Muridae . In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference . 2nd Edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington 1993, ISBN 1-56098-217-9 , pp. 537 (English).
  19. ^ Igor Jakowlewitsch Pawlinow, Je. L. Jachontow, Alexander Karenowitsch Agadschanjan: [Mammals of Eurasia. 1: rodents. Systematic and Geographical Guide] . In: Trudy Soologitscheskowo museia MGU . tape 32 , 1995 (Russian: Млекопитающие Евразии. I. Rodentia. Систематико-географический справочник .). (Quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  20. ↑ Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World . 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore / London 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9 , pp. 1421 (English).
  21. ^ Igor Jakowlewitsch Pawlinow: [Systematics of recent mammals] . Publishing house of the Moscow State University, Moscow 2003 ( full text - Russian: Систематика современных млекопитающих .).
  22. ↑ Andrew Duff, Ann Lawson: Mammals of the World. A checklist . A & C Black Publishers, London 2004, ISBN 0-7136-6021-X , pp. 67 (English).
  23. ^ GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041.
  24. ↑ Zhang Yong-Zu, Jin Shan-Ke, Quan Guo-Qiang, Li Si-Hua, Ye Zhong-Yao, Wang Feng-Gui, Zhang Man-Li: Distribution of Mammalian Species in China . China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing 1997, ISBN 7-5038-1599-X (English, also in Chinese). (Quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  25. ↑ Wang Ying-Xiang: [A Complete Catalog of Mammal Species and Subspecies in China. A taxonomic and geographical reference work] . China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing 2003 (Chinese). (Quoted in: GG Musser, MD Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea. 2005, p. 1041)
  26. ^ AI Argiropulo: [Genera and species of dwarf hamsters (Cricetinae) of the Palearctic] . In: Trudy Soologitscheskowo instituta Akademii nauk SSSR . tape 1 , no. 3-4 , 1933, ISSN  0206-0477 , pp. 239–248 (Russian: Роды и виды хомяков (Cricetinae) Палеарктики .). (Quoted in: Flint: Die Zwerghamster der Paläarctic Fauna. 1966, p. 17)
  27. ↑ Flint: The dwarf hamsters of the Palearctic fauna. 1966, p. 15.
  28. ↑ Sandra Honigs: Dwarf Hamsters. Biology. Attitude. Breeding . 2nd Edition. Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-931587-96-7 , p. 10 .