Kham dwarf hamster
| Kham dwarf hamster | ||||||||||||
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| Cricetulus kamensis | ||||||||||||
| Satunin , 1903 |
The Kham dwarf hamster ( Cricetulus kamensis ) is a type of hamster belonging to the Tibetan dwarf hamster . Usually the Tibetan dwarf hamster and Cricetulus tibetanus are assigned to it, in some classifications also the Ladakh dwarf hamster . He lives in the east of the Tibetan Plateau in China .
Body features
The head-trunk length of the Kham dwarf hamster is 88 to 112 millimeters, the tail length 51 to 64 millimeters, the hind foot length 17 to 18 millimeters and the ear length 16 to 18 millimeters. The largest skull length is 27 to 29 millimeters and the body weight is 20 to 40 grams.
The fur on the top is dark brown-gray, but may have black spots or stripes on the back. On the hip, the black color extends down the upper part of the leg. The underside is gray-white, the hair is dark at the base and white at the tip. On the flank, the contrasting colors of the top and bottom form a wave-like pattern. On the top of the tail runs a dark narrow stripe, underneath and at the tip it is completely white. The tail is thick and covered with guide hairs.
The skull is slightly convex so that the top is arched upwards. The front, outer edge of the parietal bone is round and blunt and the intermediate parietal bone is not excessively low and flat. The tympanic sacs are small and the incisor holes are short and do not go back to the level of the first upper molar .
The Kham dwarf hamster differs from the Ladakh dwarf hamster, the Tibet dwarf hamster, the Cricetulus tibetanus and the gray dwarf hamster in that the tail is more than five centimeters long and the hips are black.
Way of life
The habitat of the Kham dwarf hamster are grasslands in the high mountains , shrubby swamps and open steppes at altitudes of 3300 to 4100 meters. It is diurnal and nocturnal and feeds on grain , the seeds of grasses and insects . Its self-dug burrow is 50 centimeters deep and serves the hamsters of grains, on which they feed in winter. The reproduction takes place from May to August, the highlight is in June and July. The number of young animals per litter is five to ten, the most common are seven to eight young animals.
Distribution and existence
 
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Locations of Cricetulus kamensis kamensis :
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Locations of Cricetulus kamensis kozlovi :
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The distribution area of the Kham dwarf hamster are the east of Tibet , the north-west of Sichuan , Qinghai , the north-west of Gansu and the south of Xinjiang . It is endemic to China . The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified it as not endangered .
Subspecies
Smith and Hoffmann (2008) distinguish two subspecies of the Kham dwarf hamster:
- Cricetulus kamensis kamensis (Satunin, 1903) in the east of Tibet, in the north-west of Sichuan and in the south of Qinghai as well
- Cricetulus kamensis kozlovi (Satunin, 1903) in north Qinghai, north-west Gansu and south Xinjiang.
Cricetulus kamensis kamensis
Argiropulo (1933) leads the form as a separate species Cricetulus kamensis , while according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Flint (1966) it is possibly identical to the long-tailed dwarf hamster . The type specimen of Cricetulus kamensis kamensis was the region along the river "Moktschjun" in the district of Mekong Kham in northeastern Tibet found and in 1903 by Konstantin Alexeyevich Satunin as kamensis Urocricetus described .
Cricetulus kamensis kozlovi
Argiropulo (1933) lists the shape as an independent species, Cricetulus kozlovi , while Allen (1940) assigns it to the Daurian dwarf hamster . According to Flint (1966), it is also possibly identical to the long-tailed dwarf hamster. Wang and Zheng (1973) assign kozlovi to the Kham dwarf hamster as a subjective synonym , an assignment that is followed by some systematics (Corbet, 1978; Honacki and coworkers, 1982; Musser and Carleton, 1993, 2005.) According to Lebedew and Potapowa (2008) however, the shape is identical to that of the gray dwarf hamster . The type specimen of Cricetulus kamensis kozlovi , fragments of the bellows and skull of an adolescent hamster, was found in Nan Shan and also described by Satunin in 1903 as Urocricetus kozlovi .
literature
Further reading:
- Feng Zuo-Jiang, Cai Gui-Quan, Zheng Chang-Lin: 西藏 哺乳类 / Xizang bu ru lei (= Qing Zang Gaoyuan ke xue kao cha cong shu ). Chinese Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Beijing 1986, p. 423 (Chinese, The Xizang Mammals. The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau).
- Oldfield Thomas, Martin AC Hinton: The mammals of the 1921 Mount Everest expedition . In: Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 9 . tape 9 , 1922, pp. 178-186 (English).
- Wang Sung, Zheng Chang-Lin: Notes on Chinese hamsters (Cricetinae) . In: Acta Zoologica Sinica . tape 19 , 1973, ISSN 0001-7302 , pp. 61-68 (Chinese).
Mainly used literature:
- Wladimir Evgenjewitsch Flint: The dwarf hamsters of the Palearctic fauna . In: The New Brehm Library . 2nd Edition. tape 366 . Westarp Wissenschaften, Hohenwarsleben 2006, ISBN 3-89432-766-9 (first edition: 1966, reprint of the 1st edition).
- James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference . Allen Press / Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence (Kansas) 1982, ISBN 0-942924-00-2 (English).
- Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton: Superfamily Muroidea . In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference . 3. Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 , pp. 894–1531 (English, bucknell.edu - full text of the collective work).
- Andrew T. Smith, Robert S. Hoffmann: Subfamily Cricetinae . In: Andrew T. Smith, Xie Yan (Eds.): A Guide to the Mammals of China . Princeton University Press, Princeton / Oxford 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , pp. 239-247 (English).
Web link
- Cricetulus kamensis inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: Smith, AT & Johnston, CH, 2008. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Smith and Hoffmann, 2008 (p. 243).
- ^ Smith and Hoffmann, 2008 (p. 242).
- ↑ a b Flint, 1966 (Fig. 13).
- ↑ Wang Sung, Xie Yan (Eds.): 中国 物种 红色 名录 / Zhongguo wu zhong hong se ming lu . tape 1 . Higher Education Press, Beijing 2004 (Chinese, China Species Red List.). → Quoted in: Smith and Hoffmann, 2008 (p. 242).
- ↑ a b A. I. Argiropulo: [Genera and species of dwarf hamsters (Cricetinae) of the Palearctic] . In: Trudy Soologitscheskowo instituta Akademii nauk SSSR . tape 1 , no. 3-4 , 1933, ISSN 0206-0477 , pp. 239–248 (Russian, original title: Роды и виды хомяков (Cricetinae) Палеарктики .). → Quoted in: Flint, 1966 (p. 14)
- ↑ John Reeves Ellerman, Terence Charles Stuart Morrison-Scott: Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946 . British Museum (Natural History), London 1951 (810 pages, English). → Quoted in: Flint, 1966 (p. 14).
- ↑ a b c Flint, 1966 (p. 14).
- ↑ a b Konstantin Alexejewitsch Satunin: New rodents from Central Asia . In: Jeschegodnik Soologitscheskowo museia Imperatorskoi akademii nauk . tape 7 , 1903, pp. 571-574 . → Quoted in: Musser and Carleton, 2005 (p. 1042).
- ↑ Glover Morrill Allen: The Mammals of China and Mongolia, Part 2 . In: Walter Granger (Ed.): Central Asiatic Expeditions. Natural History of Central Asia, Volume XI . American Museum of Natural History, New York 1940, p. 621-1350 (English). → Quoted in: Musser and Carleton, 2005 (p. 1042).
- ^ Gordon Barclay Corbet: The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region. A Taxonomic Review . British Museum (Natural History) / Cornell University Press, London 1978, ISBN 0-8014-1171-8 , pp. 91 (English). → Quoted in: Honacki and co-workers, 1982 (p. 406).
- ^ Honacki and co-workers, 1982 (p. 406).
- ↑ Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton: Family Muridae . In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference . 2nd Edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington 1993, ISBN 1-56098-217-9 , pp. 537 (English).
- ^ Musser and Carleton, 2005 (p. 1042).
- ↑ Vladimir Svyatoslawowitsch Lebedew, Je. G. Potapowa: [Zygo-Masseter construction in Palearctic hamsters Cricetinae (Rodentia) and taxonomic status of Cricetulus kozlovi Satunin 1902] . In: Soologitscheski schurnal . tape 87 , no. 1 , 2008, ISSN 0044-5134 , p. 90-103 (Russian, maikonline.com ( Memento of 28 January 2013 Web archive archive.today ) - Original title: Зиго-массетерная конструкция у палеарктических хомяков Cricetinae (Rodentia) и таксономический статус Cricetulus kozlovi Satunin 1902 . Full Text rights).