Ladin Dolomitan

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Dolomite Ladin (Ladin Dolomitan)
Project author Heinrich Schmid on behalf of the SPELL
Year of publication 1998
speaker pure written language
Linguistic
classification
particularities developed as a common written language for the Ladin languages
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

art (other planned language)

Ladin Dolomitan ("Dolomite Ladin") or Ladin standard ("Standard Ladin ") is the written language of the Dolomite Ladins, which is based on the five main dialects of Ladin . All forms of Ladin Dolomitan already exist, they are taken from the idioms. The lowest common denominator is found between different forms of a language.

Elaboration and goal

It is the result of the so-called SPELL project ( Servisc per la planificazion y Elaborazion dl Lingaz Ladin - "Service for planning and developing the Ladin language") of the Union Generala di Ladins dles Dolomites (project owner) and the Ladin cultural institutes Micurà de Rü und Majon di Fascegn and the Istitut Pedagogich Ladin, which was supposed to create a uniform written language for the Dolomite Ladins. The task of developing the project was awarded in 1988 the Zurich professor Heinrich Schmid , who had previously been the Grison Romanesque written language Rumantsch Grischun had designed. In 1998 Schmid published his guidelines for the development of a common written language for the Dolomite Ladins, in which the main features of the new written language were presented.

The aim of Ladin Dolomitan is not to replace or displace the existing Ladin languages ​​in the various valleys. Rather, Ladin Dolomitan should serve as the standard language for communication between speakers of the various idioms. This can also reduce the administrative burden for local authorities and organizations that are not tied to a single valley. So it allows z. B. the administration of the province of South Tyrol to contact the communities in Val Gardena and Val Badia in a single Ladin language form . Nevertheless, the acceptance of the Ladin Dolomitan varies, especially in Val Gardena there is great resistance. In Val Badia, Val di Fassa and Buchenstein , the population is quite open to the Ladin Dolomitan. To date, some institutions, such as the Union Generela di Ladins dles Dolomites (umbrella organization of the Sella-Ladins), the Comunanza Ladina de Bulsan , the Free University of Bozen or the Alcohol Sick Association of South Tyrol (AKVS), have adopted the standard language in their publications.

morphology

items

definite article Singular Plural
masculine l i
feminine la / l '(before vowel) lis
indefinite article Singular Plural
masculine n -
feminine na / n '(before vowel) -

Examples: l pere 'the father', n pere 'a father', la ciasa 'the house', na ciasa a house '

Plural formation Ladin as a Western Romance idiom has a sigmatic plural.

  • Basically, words that end in a consonant are given in the plural -es: volp - volpes , pel - peles .
  • Words that end in -a or -e in the singular are given -es in the plural : roda - rodes
  • Words that end in -n or in a stressed vowel ( -é, -ù etc.) are given an -s: man - mans .
  • Words ending in -f are given the plural -ves , in which the final hardening is reversed: sief - sieves
  • Words that end in -sc are given the plural -jes: ousc - oujes

In addition, there are also some irregular plural forms such as pe - piesc etc.

pronoun

Person / number unstressed (proclitical) stressed
1. Ps. Sg. i ie
2. Ps. Sg. te do
3rd Ps. Sg. al (m.) / ala (f.) el (m.) / ela (f.)
1. Ps. Pl. i nos
2nd Ps. Pl. i vos
3rd Ps. Pl. ai (m.) / ales (f.) ei (m.) / eles (f.)

The Romansh languages ​​- and thus Ladin as well - are not pro-drop languages . H. the unstressed personal pronoun is always used: al pluev 'es rains'. Only in the imperative is there no unstressed pronoun. The stressed personal pronoun only serves to emphasize the person. The politeness form is the 2nd Ps. Pl., Whereby the form Vos is capitalized. The impersonal 'man' is represented in the ladin dolomitan with an : an à 'man has'. Typical for the ladin dolomitan are - as for the other Rhaeto-Romanic idioms such as Friulian - so-called interrogative forms, i.e. H. own, enclitic pronouns that are attached to the verb form and sometimes deviate from the statement form or also cause morphological changes. The enclitic, unstressed pronouns are:

Person / number unstressed (enclitic)
1. Ps. Sg. -i
2. Ps. Sg. -th
3rd Ps. Sg. -el (m.) / -ela (f.)
1. Ps. Pl. -se
2nd Ps. Pl. -e
3rd Ps. Pl. -ei (m.) / eles (f.)

So the form tu ciantes 'du singing ' becomes the form cianteste? 'do you sing?', cf. french tu chantes but chantes-tu? and Friulian tu cjantis but cjantistu? . Some frequently used irregular verbs have irregular interrogative forms in some people, for example el va 'he goes' but vàl? 'is he going?' and not * va-el?

Conjugation According to the statement and inversion form mentioned under 'Pronouns', the paradigm of a regular verb on -é <Latin -ARE looks like this:

Person / number cianté 'to sing' cianté (inversion form)
1. Ps. Sg. ciante cianti?
2. Ps. Sg. ciantes cianteste?
3rd Ps. Sg. cianta ciàntel / ciàntela / ciànten?
1. Ps. Pl. cianton ciantonse
2nd Ps. Pl. cianteis cianteise
3rd Ps. Pl. cianta ciàntei / ciànteles?

Comparison The comparative is formed with plu ('more') + adjective, the superlative with the article, with plu and the adjective. vedla , plu vedla , la plu vedla: 'old', 'older', 'oldest' There is also a negative increase with manco ('little'): la manco vedla ('the least old' = 'the youngest' ).

syntax

As in all Romance languages ​​and dialects, the syntax (determinant) + noun + adjective also applies in Ladin Dolomitan. Only a few adjectives like bel 'beautiful' can also be placed in front of the noun: les beles ciases ' the beautiful houses', but also possible: les ciases beles (with a semantic difference: 'beautiful houses as opposed to ugly ones). The sentence order is usually subject - verb - object or subject - verb - adjective: Maria a dit la verité ('Maria told the truth') or Mies fies é deventedes granes ('My daughters grew up').

Word formation

The motion of the words is usually carried out in nouns as well as adjectives by adding -a : giat 'Kater'> giata 'cat, signour ' Herr '> signoura ' Frau, bel 'beautiful' (masculine)> bela ' beautiful (e) '(feminine) etc.

See also

Web links